The handling of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 provides valuable insights about how the EU functions and its governance. It […]
Read more
Category: Publications
“One year since Russia invaded Ukraine”, Inés Arco et al. (CIDOB, Spain)
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has had a global impact: on the strategic competition between the United States and China, […]
Read more
“On priorities in industry”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
At the beginning of February, the State Statistics Service released another batch of information, the publication of which was postponed […]
Read more
“The European Investment Bank and its role in financing public water”, Judith Clifton, Daniel Díaz-Fuentes and Helen Kavvadia (IPS, Luxembourg)
The European Investment Bank (EIB) emerged as the world’s largest multilateral public development bank from the 1990s. We explore the […]
Read more
“State strategies in promoting automotive manufacturing investments – the case of Hungary and Türkiye”, Tamás Szigetvári and Gábor Túry (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The automotive industry is a key driver of the economic and technological catch-up process. Its development is therefore a priority […]
Read more
“#BerlinPerspectives: EU enlargement – ‘Zeitenwende’ or old wine in new bottles?”, Funda Tekin (IEP, Berlin)
The old debate on widening and deepening the EU is back. The EU needs to compose the right package between […]
Read more
“Let Us Not Deceive Ourselves: Western Unity Is Fragile”, Kristi Raik (ICDS, Estonia)
A common Western policy on Russia requires a herculean effort. Yet European unity will be short-lived unless—once the war ends—Ukraine […]
Read more
“Small-scale LNG in the Euro-Mediterranean: A Contribution to the Decarbonisation of the Maritime Sector”, Pier Paolo Raimondi (IAI, Italy)
While governments have reaffirmed their commitment towards energy transition in light of the current energy crisis, the urgency to act […]
Read more
“Cities in the EU recovery process: Localizing the Next Generation EU”, Agustí Fernández de Losada and Ricardo Martinez (CIDOB, Spain)
The unprecedented €672.5 billion funding of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the main instrument of Next Generation EU, constitutes […]
Read more
“FIIA Briefing Paper: Cities as global actors: Bringing governance closer to the people”, Katja Creutz (FIIA, Finland)
Globalization and extensive urbanization worldwide have brought cities to the forefront of global governance in a multilateral system designed and […]
Read more
“Europeans from the Start? Slovenia and Croatia Between State-building, National Identity and the European Union.”, Ana Bojinović Fenko, Soeren Keil and Zlatko Šabič (CIR, Slovenia)
The paper draws on Hansen and Wæver’s three-layered framework of state-nation-Europe, and applies it to Slovenia and Croatia. The authors […]
Read more
“The Paradox of a Stronger Global Role for the Euro”, Adriaan Schout (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
A stronger global role for the euro has been on the agenda since the first concepts of EMU. This contribution […]
Read more
“Urban multilateralism in wartime: from symbolic to pragmatic solidarity?”, Marta Galceran Vercher (CIDOB, Spain)
In wartime, city diplomacy can be a useful tool for channelling multilevel responses and fostering inter-municipal solidarity. But this solidarity […]
Read more
“The Vicious Circle of Fragmentation: The EU and the Limits of Its Approach to Libya”, Jesutimilehin O. Akamo, Caterina Bedin and Dario Cristiani (IAI, Italy)
Due to the weak state structures inherited by Qadhafi’s regime, Libya has entered a vicious cycle of fragmentation since 2011, […]
Read more
“Shocks and Time: The Development of the European Financial Assistance Regime”, Moritz Rehm (IPS, Luxembourg)
This paper analyses the impact of economic crises on the development of European financial assistance. It demonstrates that crisis episodes […]
Read more
“The State of “Good Migration Governance”. Fieldwork main findings of the AdMiGov project”, Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas and Anja van Heelsum (CIDOB, Spain)
In this article we draw conclusions about the state of “good migration governance” based on the findings in the six […]
Read more
“Global Partnership in Response to Covid-19”, Jana Arbeiter and Maja Bučar (CIR, Slovenia)
The paper analyses the response of the international development system aimed at offsetting the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in […]
Read more
“Strategic Tech Cooperation can Push EU-India Ties”, Maaike Okano-Heijmans and Vera Kranenburg (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
This year India will surpass China in population, becoming one of the world’s largest consumer and industrial markets. In this […]
Read more
“Hybrid Warfare: Attribution is Key to Deterrence”, Bernard Siman (Egmont, Belgium)
As Russia’s illegal war on Ukraine grinds on, it is likely that the intensity and frequency of hybrid attacks against […]
Read more
“FIIA Comment: One year of war in Ukraine: Why Western policy towards Russia has not changed enough”, Arkady Moshes (FIIA, Finland)
It has been a year since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Within that time, the West has not […]
Read more
“Thoughts on the Departure of Nicola Sturgeon for the Rejoin the EU Campaign”, John Stevens (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Federal Trust Chairman John Stevens considers the political career of Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and offers lessons from it for the […]
Read more
“The South China Sea and Indo-Pacific in an Era of “Multipolar” Competition: A More Targeted EU Response?”, Zachary Paikin et al. (IAI, Italy)
A longstanding territorial dispute between claimants in the South China Sea now finds itself nested within a new imagined “Indo-Pacific” […]
Read more
“Why Russia Went to War: A Three-Dimensional Perspective”, James Sherr OBE and Igor Gretskiy (ICDS, Estonia)
Since Ukraine’s independence became a recognised fact in 1991, the spectre of war with Russia has arisen on several occasions, […]
Read more
“Differentiated cooperation in EU foreign policy”, Monika Sus and Maria Giulia Amadio Viceré (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This special issue co-edited by Monika Sus and Maria Giulia Amadio Viceré explores the pros and cons of differentiated cooperation […]
Read more
“Deciphering the European Investment Bank: History, Politics, and Economics”, Lucia Coppolaro and Helen Kavvadia (IPS, Luxembourg)
Deciphering the European Investment Bank: History, Politics and Economics examines the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Union’s financial institution and […]
Read more
“FIIA Briefing Paper: Nuclear deterrence in the Ukraine war: Diplomacy of violence”, Jyri Lavikainen (FIIA, Finland)
Russia’s nuclear blackmailing has been the primary reason why NATO has not intervened in the Ukraine war. However, the US […]
Read more
“Food Security and Climate Migration. Multilateral Approaches to Complex Crises”, Asli Selin Okyay et al. (IAI, Italy)
Numerous regions of the world face a blend of security, governance, developmental, and environmental challenges compounded by rising inequality and […]
Read more
“Voices of Belarusian diaspora”, Vasil Navumau, Olga Matveieva and Tetiana Gorokhova (IEP, Berlin)
Difficulties, challenges and opportunities – the publication “Voices of the Belarusian Diaspora” takes an analytical and practical look at Belarusian […]
Read more
“Chinese Military-Civil Fusion: Sino-Italian Research Cooperation”, N. Lill (ICDS, Estonia)
The Chinese government exploits foreign academic infrastructure and talent to build a world-class military. Although cooperation with China offers alluring […]
Read more
“The impact of sanctions on Russian business abroad and Hungarian business in Russia: parallel stories of adjustment”, Kálmán Kalotay and Csaba Weiner (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The global economy has gone from one crisis to another over the past few years. The COVID pandemic was not […]
Read more
“Bank Politics: Structural Reform in Comparative Perspective”, David Howarth and Scott James (IPS, Luxembourg)
Prof. David Howarth’s book Bank Politics: Structural Reform in Comparative Perspective (with Scott James, King’s College London) was published by […]
Read more
“Maritime Trade in the Black Sea in the Context of the Russo-Ukrainian War”, Anastasia Chkhenkeli et al. (PMC, Georgia)
The Black Sea region is often referred to as a gateway between Europe and Asia, though its potential benefits are […]
Read more
“War and church. Church and religious situation in Ukraine 2022” Yuriy Yakymenko et al. (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Razumkov Centre permanently monitors the church and religious situation in Ukraine, including sociological monitoring of the state and trends of […]
Read more
“Main Drivers and Policy Options for a Differentiated EU: A Scenario-Based Exercise”, Matteo Bonomi and Nicoletta Pirozzi (IAI, Italy)
The rise of differentiation is one of the most enduring, if not defining, features of the EU and one of […]
Read more
“RESILIO Snapshot 6: Media resilience as a subsidiary factor for rule of law resilience”, Gábor Polyák (IEP, Berlin)
The media has the principal ability to defend the rule of law through independent fact-finding and reporting, thereby imposing a […]
Read more
“Europe’s re-engagement with Ethiopia: prioritising the prerequisites for lasting peace of geopolitical concerns “, Anette Hoffmann and Guido Lanfranchi (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
On January 12th-13th, the French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna and her German counterpart Annalena Baerbock made a joint visit to […]
Read more
“The European Semester: An Ordoliberal Construct?”, Dimitrios Argyroulis (IPS, Luxembourg)
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have inflicted a decisive blow to ordoliberalism’s influence on the economic governance […]
Read more
“Security realities of freezing politics and thawing landscapes in the Arctic”, Karsten Friis et al. (NUPI, Norway)
How to address Arctic security and governance issues in a region marked by climate change and geopolitical challenges? The report Navigating Breakup: […]
Read more
“From Buffer to Frontier: Ukraine and the EU”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
In June 2022, the European Union granted candidate status to Ukraine. A strong political statement, which was welcomed as such […]
Read more
“Using business models in hindsight”, Helen Kavvadia (IPS, Luxembourg)
Purpose: Develop a method for an extended “fore-and-aft” use of business models. The method will turn them also into potent business […]
Read more
“Video: It Will Take Time to Reverse Brexit”, Chris Grey (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
In this Federal Trust video, Professor Chris Grey argues that relations between the EU and UK would improve significantly under […]
Read more
“The Unfulfilled Promise of EU Foreign and Security Policy towards Iran”, Riccardo Alcaro et al. (IAI, Italy)
With the 2015 nuclear deal dead in all but name, Iran is getting closer to Russia and more repressive at […]
Read more
“Green Economy in the Post-pandemic Period: A Framework for Organizational Stakeholder Analysis”, Helen Kavvadia (IPS, Luxembourg)
In the current geo-economic landscape, the satisfaction of green economy goals and post-pandemic economic recovery dominate public discussion. Although climate […]
Read more
“Book review: China and Central Europe: much ado about nothing?”, Tamas Peragovics (IWE CERS, Hungary)
This publication is a review of the following book: Gabriela Pleschová: China in Central Europe: seeking allies, creating tensions. Cheltenham, […]
Read more
“Mapping Scenarios of Differentiated EUrope 2025–2035”, Matteo Bonomi (IAI, Italy)
While the European Commission has tried to embed strategic foresight and scenario-building practices into EU policy-making, future-oriented analyses still remain […]
Read more
“Ukraine on the Road to the EU: Realities and Prospects” (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The Ukrainian experience of European integration in the conditions of war is unique. The country resisting the large-scale armed Russian […]
Read more
“Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: short-notice, task- and time-specific cooperation”, John Karlsrud, Pernille Rieker and Christiana Maglia (NUPI, Norway)
Ad hoc coalitions (AHCs) are an indispensable but scantly conceptualized part of global governance. In recent years, several typologies and […]
Read more
“Choosing Women in Postwar Elections: Exposure to War Violence, Ideology, and Voters’ Gender Bias”, Josip Glaurdić and Christophe Lesschaeve (IPS, Luxembourg)
The level of women’s parliamentary representation often increases after armed conflict, but do voters in postwar societies actually prefer female […]
Read more
“Political and ideological orientations of Ukrainian citizens in the conditions of the Russian aggression” Yuriy Yakymenko et al. (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The war has changed Ukraine. In the future, these changes will determine the situation in the country and its development. […]
Read more
“Multi-Layered Violence in the DRC: Is History Repeating Itself?”, Nina Wilén and Erik Kennes (Egmont, Belgium)
Located in the heart of Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is riddled in the East by the presence […]
Read more
“The increasingly differentiated European Single Market?”, David Howarth (IPS, Luxembourg)
Prof. David Howarth published “The increasingly differentiated Single Market?”, in Leruth, B. et al., eds. The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation […]
Read more
“Europe–Africa relations in a multi-crises world: Turning the page after COVID-19, the EU-AU Summit and the war against Ukraine”, Daniele Fattibene (IAI, Italy)
This report is the outcome of a partnership initiative launched in 2022 by the European Think Tanks Group (ETTG) and […]
Read more
“The emergence of the EU as a Democratic Regional Polity”, Jaap Hoeksma (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
In this article, Jaap Hoeksma outlines the EU’s transition from the Westphalian model of sovereign nation states into a unique democratic regional […]
Read more
“Redrawn security map of Europe puts Germany centre stage”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Spain)
The war in Ukraine is redrawing the security and economic map of Europe. As neutral Sweden and Finland seek membership […]
Read more
“Structural stability despite increased fragmentation: The 2021 county elections in Croatia”, Josip Glaurdić and Leo Fel (IPS, Luxembourg)
The 2021 county elections in Croatia were the perfect example of political change amidst continuity. Relatively new parties and independent […]
Read more
“The looming deep crisis in Europe – and what to do about it”, Ewald Nowotny (OEGFE, Austria)
In order to avoid a looming deep crisis in Europe, the European Union has to counter several challenges at the […]
Read more
“Transformations in the balance of current operations”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
According to the NBU, in 2022 Ukraine had a positive balance of current operations in the balance of payments with […]
Read more
“RESILIO Snapshot 5: Political resilience as enabler of rule of law resilience”, Stefan Szwed (IEP, Berlin)
Politics and the rule of law are frequently contrasted as quasi-opposites: whereas politics is understood as a struggle for power, […]
Read more
“Naval Combat Systems: Developments and Challenges”, Alessandro Marrone and Elio Calcagno (IAI, Italy)
Technological innovation has accelerated in the maritime domain, and major navies worldwide must increasingly deal with emerging and disruptive technologies. […]
Read more
“Global livestock trade and infectious diseases”, Rohit Ticku and Cosimo Beverelli (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This working paper presents evidence that importing more livestock increases animal infections at the destination, some of which can cross-over […]
Read more
“Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories in Southeast Europe: (Non-)Believers, Social Network Bubbles, and the Discourse of Blame”, Josip Glaurdić, Christophe Lesschaeve and Michal Mochtak (IPS, Luxembourg)
Using survey and social network evidence from Southeast Europe, we advance the understanding of conspiracy theories and politics related to […]
Read more
“Dutch Parliament Demands Geopolitical Alignment in EU Enlargement”, Wouter Zweers (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The Dutch Parliament has been known for its close scrutiny of Rule of Law reforms within the EU accession processes […]
Read more
“Strange bedfellows, soon-to-be estranged? How events are straining the relationship between the Afghan Taliban and the Pakistani military”, Malaiz Daud (CIDOB, Spain)
Critics of the Pakistani military have long called its support for the Taliban – and a slew of other Islamist […]
Read more
“The COVID-19 pandemic and the EU: From a sustainable energy transition to a green transition?”, Danijel Crnčec, Jerneja Penca and Marko Lovec (CIR, Slovenia)
The paper examines the implications held by the EU’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic for the green transition as set […]
Read more
“Russian-Ukrainian war: developments and prospects” Mykola Sunhurovskyi and Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
With its aggression upon Ukraine and ultimatum-like demands on NATO and the West in general, Russia has once again demonstrated […]
Read more
“FIIA Briefing Paper: Mexico’s domestic decay: Implications for the United States and Europe”, Lauri Tähtinen (FIIA, Finland)
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) has challenged Mexico’s democratic institutions, including the electoral commission INE, and relies on the […]
Read more
“The Failure of “Yugoslavia’s Last Chance”: Ante Marković and his Reformists in the 1990 Elections”, Josip Glaurdić, Christophe Lesschaeve and Vladimir Filipović (IPS, Luxembourg)
The last Prime Minister of Yugoslavia Ante Marković was considered by many within the country and in the international community […]
Read more
“Italy between the Draghi and Meloni Governments”, Leo Goretti and Irene D’Antimo (IAI, Italy)
This document provides an English summary of the 2022 edition of IAI’s annual report on Italian foreign policy entitled: “L’Italia […]
Read more
“Video: Brexit and a Broken Britain”, John Stevens (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
In this video, our Chairman John Stevens and Director Brendan Donnelly discuss the recent secret meeting of Labour and Conservative politicians with a view […]
Read more
“Ukraine’s Recovery: Starting Point and Directions of Government Action”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
In its reconstruction and recovery, Ukraine cannot wait until the end of the war, which, according to many experts, may […]
Read more
“The weakness of indispensable leaders”, Erik Jones (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This article explains the threat that pose to democracy these leaders who presume themselves to be indispensable and then try […]
Read more
“Prewar Public Discourse: Letters to Politika, Belgrade, 1988–1991”, Josip Glaurdić and Michal Mochtak (IPS, Luxembourg)
e studied prewar public discourse by analysing the origin, content and sentiment of more than 4,000 letters written by people […]
Read more
“Let’s Learn Judo with Putin. Sport, Power and Masculinity in 21st-Century Russia”, Leo Goretti and Sofia Mariconti (IAI, Italy)
Dedication to sport and physical prowess have been key elements in the construction of Vladimir Putin’s image since his rise […]
Read more
“Ukraine on the road to the EU: Realities and prospects (Project Summary)” (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The deliverables of this project implemented by Razumkov Centre with support from Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Ukraine include a policy paper, […]
Read more
“Completing a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union”, Iain Begg (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
This Element examines efforts to strengthen Economic and Monetary Union in the European Union, especially over the last decade, asking […]
Read more
“Whither Sino-European Relations?”, George Tzogopoulos (CIFE)
This essay analyses the current status of Sino-European relations. While trade remains the driving force, disagreements on human rights, on […]
Read more
“Three Scenarios for the Future of Russia-West Relations”, Tony van der Togt (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
Understanding the future of relations between Russia and the West depends largely on how the war in Ukraine plays out. […]
Read more
“Children of War: The Ukrainian Case”, Isabella Martin (ICDS, Estonia)
The war in Ukraine has imposed considerable physical, mental, and emotional damage on children. It is critical to provide mental […]
Read more
“The recovery of authoritarian traditions: processes, actors and networks”, Alberto Martín Álvarez and Kristina Pirker (CIDOB, Spain)
In Europe, Latin America and the United States the electoral successes and rising popularity of political parties that take nationalist […]
Read more
“What news from the Ukrainian front? A net assessment”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
The ongoing bombing of Ukraine may create the impression that the war has become hopeless. In addition, the economic and […]
Read more
“Italy’s hard truths”, Erik Jones (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This article, published in the Journal of Democracy, examines Italian Democracy under the new right-wing coalition government Read more here.
Read more
“Finland in Afghanistan 2001-2021: From stabilization to advancing foreign and security policy relations”, Katariina Mustasilta et al. (FIIA, Finland)
The FIIA Report examines Finland’s participation in the international intervention in Afghanistan during the years of 2001–2021. The report is […]
Read more
“Three Seas Initiative: Mapping National Perspectives”, Andris Sprūds and Mārtiņš Vargulis (LIIA, Latvia)
The publication “Three Seas Initiative: Mapping National Perspectives” offers a collection of articles that discuss priorities of the Initiative from […]
Read more
“COP 27: The Commitment of Cities and the Limits of Nation-States”, Ricardo Martínez (CIDOB, Spain)
The victory of the fossil fuels industry in the text of the final declaration of COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh is […]
Read more
“Insights for Foreign Policy Analysis from European Union External Action Studies”, Sieglinde Gstöhl and Simon Schunz (College of Europe, Bruges)
The European Union (EU) has increasingly become a foreign policy actor in its own right, sparking the emergence of EU […]
Read more
“Iran’s Defence Industry: What’s in Stock for Russia?”, Tato Kvamladze (ICDS, Estonia)
Albeit heavily sanctioned and exhausted by the Islamic revolution and the war with Iraq, Iran has managed to upbuild a […]
Read more
“Echo of a crisis”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Over the past three years, Ukraine has faced two deep socio-economic crises. The “sources” of these crises are different: the […]
Read more
“Strategic Partnerships in Twenty-Second Century Global Politics: From Weathering Storms to the Politics of Anticipation”, Andriy Tyushka (College of Europe, Natolin)
Dr Andriy TYUSHKA, Senior Research Fellow in the European Neighbourhood Policy Chair at the College of Europe in Natolin, has […]
Read more
“Open Strategic Autonomy: the Digital Dimension”, Maaike Okano-Heijmans (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
Towards a European Digital Technology Stack In recent years the European Union (EU) and its member states hesitantly embarked on […]
Read more
“Facing a critical juncture – The externalisation of the EU’s Just Transition agenda”, Robert Pollock (College of Europe, Bruges)
Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, the promotion of Just Transition has been central to the European […]
Read more
“Green hydrogen: why low-carbon fuels are not benefiting from high fossil fuel prices”, Gareth Dale and John Szabó (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The number and scale of projects using and making hydrogen, a gas that releases energy when burned without emitting carbon […]
Read more
“Europe’s Indo-Pacific Tilt: Estonian and Japanese Interests”, Frank Jüris et al. (ICDS, Estonia)
Reshaped by the new great power competition, the international order has been undergoing revolutionary transformations. Revanchist Russia has unleashed a […]
Read more
“Outspokenly Unspoken: The Chinese People’s ‘White Paper Revolution’”, Bart Dessein and Jasper Roctus (Egmont, Belgium)
A devastating fire in Urumqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang autonomous region in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) […]
Read more
“Ensuring transparent and impactful policy coherence for development”, Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň (IIR, Czech Republic)
Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň’s in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament, has evaluated the EU’s Policy Coherence for Development. At a time […]
Read more
“Russia is in need of a new Central Asia policy: Will there be one?”, Kristiina Silvan (FIIA, Finland)
One year ago, Russia had a firm foothold in Central Asia. However, Moscow’s decision to invade Ukraine, its military defeats, […]
Read more
“More than just a petrol station: Norway’s contribution to European Union’s green strategic autonomy”, Kacper Szulecki (NUPI, Norway)
The past five years have seen far-reaching changes in international politics and trade, all of which forced European policymakers to […]
Read more
“Hybrid Threats in Baltics and Taiwan: Commonalities, Risks and Lessons for Small Democracies”, Andris Sprūds, Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova and Sintija Broka (LIIA, Latvia)
The publication “Hybrid Threats in Baltics and Taiwan: Commonalities, Risks and Lessons for Small Democracies” gathers a group of leading […]
Read more
“Migration narrative success. A conceptual tool for trans-disciplinary integration”, Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas and Ferruccio Pastore (CIDOB, Spain)
In this concept note, produced in the framework of the BRIDGES project, the authors develop the concept of “migration narrative […]
Read more
“Reach for the Stars: Bridging Italy’s Potential in Space with Its Foreign and Security Policy”, Karolina Muti (IAI, Italy)
Italian capabilities, expertise and potential in the space sector are not widely known. Among state actors, Rome has actually been […]
Read more
“Military Capabilities affected by Climate Change”, Adája Stoetman et al. (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of the present and the future. Rising temperatures and sea levels, […]
Read more