The concept of a geopolitical Europe – recently reaffirmed by Ursula von der Leyen as part of her political agenda […]
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Category: EU External Relations & Global Politics
“Conflict management in the Donbas: the elections that could not be”, Anna Korbut (CIDOB, Barcelona)
On the ground, there have been no substantial changes that allowed plans for democratic elections in the occupied Donbas. A […]
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“The European Union in a COVID World”, Riccardo Alcaro, and Nathalie Tocci (IAI, Italy)
The world on which COVID-19 has unleashed its destructive force is a place in which multilateralism-minded Europeans are ill at […]
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“Claudia Schmucker, The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US and European Commitment to the Multilateral Economic Order”, Claudia Schmucker (IAI, Italy)
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased nationalist and protectionist policies and has intensified the geo-economic rivalry between the US […]
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“Localising Migration Diplomacy in Africa?: Ethiopia in its Regional and International Setting”, Andrew Geddes and Mehari Taddele Maru (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
The paper analyses African-European diplomatic relations on migration. It looks closely at the ideas and practices that inform migration relations […]
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“25 after Dayton: The EU and the accompaniment of Bosnia’s future”, Pol Bargués (CIDOB, Barcelona)
November 2020 marks the 25th anniversary of Dayton Peace Accords, which ended the three-and-a-half years war in Bosnia and Herzegovina […]
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“Uzbekistan’s new Central Asia policy: The economic rationale and political implications of good neighbourliness”, Kristiina Silvan (FIIA, Finland)
Under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Uzbekistan has embarked on a moderate reform programme that aims to achieve socio-economic […]
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“Transatlantic Futures: Towards #NATO2030”, Edited by Andris Sprūds and Mārtiņš Vargulis (LIIA, Latvia)
The publication “Transatlantic Futures: Towards #NATO2030” offers a collection of articles that reflect on the topical security issues of the […]
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“Erdogan’s Picnic at Varosha”, Andreas Thephanous (CEIA, Cyprus)
It was not the first time that Erdogan visited the occupied northern part of Cyprus to celebrate the anniversary of […]
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“Spiraling toward a New Cold War in the North? The Effect of Mutual and Multifaceted Securitization”, Julie Wilhelmsen (NUPI, Norway)
Building on a discourse-theoretical reading of securitization theory, this article theorizes and examines how two political entities can become locked […]
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“Ending the EU’s Ambivalence to Free Movement in Africa”, Roderick Parkes and Mark McQuay (IAI, Italy)
When the October 2020 summit between the European Union (EU) and the African Union (AU) was postponed, leaders blamed the […]
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“Algeria takes a step forward”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Two narratives confront each other in Algeria today: the cronyism of Algerian leaders and their interests, and the one of […]
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“COVID-19 Pandemic Recovery: If the US and Europe Find the Will, Multilateral-ism Is the Way”, Susan Corke (IAI, Italy)
The COVID pandemic has presented the transatlantic alliance and multilateralism with an existential challenge: can they tackle a global emergency […]
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“COVID-19 Reveals Europe’s Strategic Loneliness”, Éric André Martin (IAI, Italy)
The COVID-19 crisis has not only revealed a world that has moved into an age of interdependence and competition, it […]
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“Resisting Europe: Practices of Contestation in the Mediterranean Middle East”, Raffaella A. Del Sarto and Simone Tholens (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This book examines how states in the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa reject, resist, challenge, modify, or entirely change […]
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“The EU Common Foreign Policy and Cyprus”, Markos Kyprianou (CEIA, Cyprus)
The continuous debate on whether the EU is “punching below its weight” in global affairs is an implied admission that […]
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Op-ed: Doubling Down on Arctic Diplomacy (NUPI, Norway)
What impact will the new Biden administration have on Arctic politics? While the Arctic as a region is not likely […]
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“Research paper on the implementation of Directive 2009/81/EC, concerning procurement in the fields of defence and security, and of Directive 2009/43/EC, concerning the transfer of defence-related products”, Jean-Pierre Maulny, Edouard Simon and Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
This study examines the implementation of the European Union (EU) defence package, which consists of the Defence Procurement Directive 2009/81/EC […]
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“Irregular Migration and Divergent Understandings of Security in the Sahel”, Kari Osland and Henriette Ullavik Erstad (NUPI, Norway)
On 23 September 2020, the EU launched its new Pact on Migration and Asylum. In a refreshingly blunt press-release accompanying […]
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“Europe and Biden’s America: Making European Autonomy and a Revamped Transatlantic Bond Two Sides of the Same Coin”, Nathalie Tocci (IAI, Italy)
Joe Biden’s victory represents a defeat for European nationalist populists, who saw in Trump a leader and role model. The […]
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“Resilience and the EU’s external action instruments: Towards multiple, sustained, and indirect action”, Pol Morillas, Pol Bargués et al. (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The EU is increasingly concerned with the diffusion and uncertainty of risks and threats in the neighbourhood, and resilience appears […]
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“Winners, Losers and Absentees in Nagorno Karabakh”, Nathalie Tocci and Nona Mikhelidze (IAI, Italy)
For all the talk about a new geopolitics in the Caucasus, made up of Turkish drones and Syrian jihadis, Iranian […]
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“Governance, fragility and insurgency in the Sahel: a hybrid order in the making”, Morten Bøås and Francesco Strazzari (NUPI, Norway)
Once a region that rarely featured in debates about global security, the Sahel has become increasingly topical as it confronts […]
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“Collective Security and Multilateral Engagement in the Middle East: Pathways for EU Policy”, Silvia Colombo and Andrea Dessì (IAI, Italy)
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is experiencing deep and profound challenges spanning the geopolitical and geoceonomic domains, as […]
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“Europe of Defence in the New World (Dis)Order: Choices for Italy”, Ester Sabatino and Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
The 2016 EU Global Strategy delineated the level of ambition of the Union, but four years later the EU still […]
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“NATO toward 2030: a resilient Alliance and its main priorities”, Ottavia Credi, Alessandro Marrone and Roberta Menotti (IAI, Italy)
The new US administration represents a political opportunity to better address the Alliance’s needs, also through the elaboration of a […]
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“China – Domestic Support for Agricultural Producers: One Policy, Multiple Parameters Imply Modest Discipline”, Dukgeun Ahn and David Orden (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
Assesses key issues in the dispute over the United States’ claim that from 2012-2015, China exceeded its limits on domestic […]
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“Digital authoritarianism in China and Russia: Common goals and diverging standpoints in the era of great-power rivalry”, Elina Sinkkonen and Jussi Lassila (FIIA, Finland)
China and Russia are jointly advancing their shared interests in the international arena and are building up cooperation in the […]
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“Slovenia–China (Economic) Relations”, Marjan Svetličič (CIR, Slovenia)
The chapter on Slovenia–China (economic) relations writen by dr. Marjan Svetličič, professor emeritus, focuses on the historic development of Slovenia’s […]
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“Is China preparing to invade Taiwan? The time may be opportune, but the overall situation is not”, Jyrki Kallio (FIIA, Finland)
Speculation is rife that China could take advantage of the potential confusion during the US presidential election and invade Taiwan. […]
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“Europarties in the Neighbourhood: how Transnational Party Politics Bind Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans to the EU”, Angelos Chryssogelos (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This article investigates the activities of the centre-right European People’s Party in Georgia and North Macedonia, demonstrating how Europarties can […]
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“Evaluation of the EU’s Response to the US GAG Rule”, Petra Jeney and Clara Cotroneo (EIPA, Maastricht)
EIPA published a new study ‘Evaluation of the EU’s Response to the US GAG Rule’ commissioned by the European Parliament […]
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“EU peace mediation in the 2020s: From intervention to investment”, Tyyne Karjalainen (FIIA, Finland)
The European Union is renewing its Concept on Strengthening EU Mediation and Dialogue Capacities after more than a decade. The […]
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“International sanctions: The “other” effects”, Clara Portela and Martijn C. Vlaskamp (CIDOB, Spain)
Extensive academic research has looked at sanctions from the perspective of those imposing them. Less attention has been given to […]
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“Japan and the Visegrad 4: The Unsensational Strategic Partners”, Rudolf Fürst (IIR, Czech Republic)
This paper points out to the convergence between the Visegrad 4 and Japan that is driven by economic concerns and […]
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“The digital great leap forward mapping China’s 21st century attempt to create a new growth mode”, Ágnes Szunomár (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The recent successes of the Chinese modernisation strategy are substantiated by an array of indicators showing an impressive improvement. Irrespective […]
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“Iran’s foreign policy: Buying time until the U.S. presidential elections”, Mariette Hägglund (FIIA, Finland)
A key issue dominating Iran’s foreign policy agenda is the future of the Iran nuclear deal with regard to the […]
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“Global trends in the energy sector and their implication on energy security in NATO’s southern neighbourhood”, Rim Berahab (Elcano, Spain)
The energy sector has undergone major transitions from the use of wood as a dominant fuel to the adoption of […]
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“Time to Exist and Resist: the European Union and Russian Political War”, Mark Galeotti (IIR, Czech Republic)
Russia is waging a political war campaign of active measures intended to divide, distract, and dismay European states, not as […]
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“NATO’s Future: Euro-Atlantic Alliance in a Peacetime War”, Alessandro Marrone and Karolina Muti (IAI, Italy)
Looking at 2030, NATO evolution will depend on two main variables. First, whether the international security environment will lean towards […]
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“The EU’s role and policies in the Sahel: The need for reassessment”, Tuomas Iso-Markku and Teemu Tammikko (FIIA, Finland)
As the EU is looking to strengthen its relations with Africa, the Sahel is set to be among its priorities. […]
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“Europe’s Manoeuvring on 5G Technology: The Case of Italy”, Francesca Ghiretti (IAI, Italy)
Great power competition over 5G technology, the world’s next generation wireless system, has been growing for some time. Both the […]
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“Turkey and Spain: bilateral relations and the road ahead for Customs Union modernisation”, Ilke Toygür (Elcano, Spain)
Spain has always been one of the supporters of Turkey’s accession to the EU. Since there is no historical baggage or […]
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“COVID-19, Border Closures, and International Law”, Bríd Ní Ghráinne (IIR, Czech Republic)
Politicians all around the world often describe coronavirus pandemic as a war or a national emergency. Because of the COVID-19 […]
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“A New Lifeline for the G20? The Role of African and European Actors in Enhancing Its Legitimacy and Effectiveness”, Luca Barana, Daniele Fattibene and Bernardo Venturi (IAI, Italy)
The erosion of global governance has accelerated in recent years in the face of rising global inequality. The current global […]
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“Trump 2.0 or a first Biden administration? How different worldviews will shape US foreign policy”, Charly Salonius-Pasternak and Ville Sinkkonen (FIIA, Finland)
The US president has considerable power over the country’s foreign policy. The different worldviews espoused by President Trump and presidential […]
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“G20: political snapshots of power dynamics”, Beatriz Pérez de la Fuente (Elcano, Spain)
Through the prism of the G20, the world’s premier forum for international economic cooperation, we have learnt that the complicated […]
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“The COVID juncture”, Francesco Pasetti (CIDOB, Spain)
At the end of March 2020, a third of the world’s population was living in lockdown. More people were subject […]
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“Turkey and the post-pandemic world: What kind of revisionism?”, Toni Alaranta (FIIA, Finland)
This study analyzes Turkish foreign policy narratives generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, and their intellectual and political context provided by […]
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“Geopolitics of the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Maksym Bielawski (Razumkov, Ukraine)
The article is devoted to the study of the history of mass diseases and their impact on geopolitics. According to […]
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“Resisting Europe: Practices of Contestation in the Mediterranean Middle East”, Raffaella A. Del Sarto and Simone Tholens (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
Resisting Europe conceptualizes the foreign policies of Europe—defined as the European Union and its member states—toward the states in its immediate […]
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“Pathways towards a revitalised Africa-Europe strategic partnership”, Cedric de Coning (NUPI, Norway)
The African Union and European Union were scheduled to adopt a new strategic partnership agreement at an AU-EU summit in […]
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“Taking stock of the UN at 75: Highs and lows in the shadow of great-power competition”, Katja Creutz (FIIA, Finland)
The UN has achieved its aims with variable results. Thus far, the world has been spared another devastating world war, […]
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“The Significant Political Declaration and the Forthcoming 10th NPT Review Conference”, Miroslav Tůma (IIR, Czech Republic)
Miroslav Tůma discusses in his new policy paper the importance of the political declaration issued in connection with the 10th […]
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“Unpacking the Conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Nathalie Tocci (IAI, Italy)
Since conflict has entrenched in Cyprus, the EU has turned its back on Turkey, while Ankara began inexorably sliding towards […]
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“The lull before the storm: the worst may be yet to come in the Korean Peninsula”, Antoine Bondaz (Elcano, Spain)
It would be both an analytical and a political mistake to believe the situation in the Korean Peninsula is stable […]
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“The Greek-Turkish crisis calls for negotiation”, Emmanuel Comte (CIDOB, Spain)
To justify French intervention in the Greek-Turkish crisis, President Emmanuel Macron resorted to Western rhetoric that has been well-established for […]
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“The dangerous development of the security situation and the complication of the extension of the last US-Russia new START arms control treaty”, Miroslav Tůma (IIR, Czech Republic)
The last arms control treaty New START will expire on 5 February 2021. Although the treaty may be extended by […]
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“Is China preparing to invade Taiwan? The time may be opportune, but the overall situation is not”, Jyrki Kallio (FIIA, Finland)
Speculation is rife that China could take advantage of the potential confusion during the US presidential election and invade Taiwan. […]
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“Clash of mask diplomacies? The COVID-19 and changing perceptions of China and Taiwan in Central and Eastern Europe”, Tamás Peragovics and Ágnes Szunomár (IWE CERS, Hungary)
It has become a truism that China’s mask diplomacy seeks to enhance the country’s global standing in the wake of the Covid-19 […]
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“China-MENA relations in the context of Chinese global strategy”, Tamás Peragovics and Erzsébet N. Rózsa (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Tamás Peragovics and Erzsébet N. Rózsa have contributed to a book on “The Role of China in the Middle East […]
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“China’s EU policy in the pandemic era: A new normal?”, Magnus Langset Trøan (NUPI, Norway)
During the pandemic era, media reports and leaks indicate a growing assertiveness from China towards the EU. Is this a […]
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“China’s political, military and cultural engagement in the MENA region”, Tamás Peragovics and Erzsébet N. Rózsa (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Tamás Peragovics and Erzsébet N. Rózsa have contributed to a book on “The Role of China in the Middle East […]
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“A Comprehensive Strategy EU Strategy for Africa Political Dialogue: Governance, Security and Migration”, Morten Bøås (NUPI, Norway)
Much has changed since the creation of the Joint Africa-European Union (EU) Strategy in 2007. The developing world has been […]
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“Can China lead the change of the world?”, Annamária Artner (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Currently, the world system is in a state of complex crisis and transformation. The overall influence of its US-led centre […]
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“The EU and its Neighbourhood: The Politics of Muddling Through”, Tobias Schumacher (College of Europe, Natolin)
Professor Tobias SCHUMACHER, Chairholder of the European Neighbourhood Policy Chair, has just published an article titled: ‘The EU and its Neighbourhood: The Politics of […]
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“Ideology, Not Strategy, Explains the US Troop Withdrawal from Germany”, Riccardo Alcaro (IAI, Italy)
Tracing the partial withdrawal of US assets from Germany back to badly thought-out considerations hardly stands to reason. Those offered […]
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“Re-energising Transatlantic Relations: Towards a Different EU Approach to Latin America”, Raffaele Piras (IAI, Italy)
The fast-evolving international environment and the ongoing global pandemic have introduced new challenges and opportunities for Europe’s transatlantic partnerships. While […]
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“Turkey’s ‘reconquests’ in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond”, Daniel Pipes (CEIA, Cyprus)
Daniel Pipes, a historian, is the president of the Middle East Forum. A former official in the U.S. departments of […]
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“EU Defence: Franco-German Cooperation and Europe’s Next Generation Battle Tank”, Ester Sabatino (IAI, Italy)
The land component of European armies suffered from neglect over the past decades, as emerging asymmetric and hybrid threats pushed […]
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“Differentiation in ASEAN, ECOWAS and MER-COSUR: A Comparative Analysis”, Bart Gaens, Bernardo Venturi and Anna Ayuso (IAI, Italy)
This policy paper explores how diverse modes of differentiation occur in regions beyond Europe. From the perspective of comparative regionalism, […]
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“Eastern Enlargements and EU Defence Ambitions”, Marcin Zaborowski (IAI, Italy)
Despite their common history, Central Europeans have never had a coordinated or consistent position on the issue of European defence […]
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“Defence G2G Agreements: National Strategies Support-ing Export and Cooperation”, Alessandro Marrone and Ester Sabatino (IAI, Italy)
Government-to-Government agreements (G2G) represent a widely used instrument for the sale of arms within the defence market, complementary to those […]
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“The Sinatra Doctrine: How the EU Should Deal with the US–China Competition”, Josep Borrell (IAI, Italy)
To avoid becoming entrenched between the US and China, the EU should deal with them in its own way: it […]
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“Les Cahiers de Tunisie”, Jean-Pierre Cassarino (College of Europe, Bruges)
Le Prof. Jean-Pierre CASSARINO, Chercheur senior de la Chaire de la Politique européenne de Voisinage, vient de publier un dossier thématique, intitulé : « La […]
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“Putting Democratic Values at the Centre of International Assistance to Ukraine”, Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov, Ukraine)
Ukraine has made a remarkable progress in the area of SSR during the last six years. The value of Western […]
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“The global transition to a circular economy: Finland needs a stronger focus on the foreign policy dimension to remain a frontrunner”, Okko-Pekka Salmimies (FIIA, Finland)
Finland is preparing a Strategic Programme for the Circular Economy this autumn. It offers an opportunity to strengthen policy coherence […]
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“La question de l’expulsion dans les relations euro-méditerranéennes: Faire la lumière sur la zone grise”, Jean-Pierre Cassarino (College of Europe, Natolin)
Ce dossier comporte les contributions de Haykel Ben MAHFOUDH, Daria DAVITTI, Valeria HÄNSEL et Jean-Pierre CASSARINO. Les auteurs partent tous […]
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“Turbulence in arms control: Open Skies Treaty became a victim of the great power competition”, Jyri Lavikainen (FIIA, Finland)
Non-compliance and disputes between Russia and the US resulted in the US exiting the Open Skies Treaty. If Russia withdraws […]
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“COVID-19 and Civil Conflict: The Cases of Syria, Libya and Yemen”, Bülent Aras and Devin Patrick Brown (IPC, Turkey)
Senior Scholar Bülent Aras and IPC Intern Devin Patrick Brown’s policy brief “COVID-19 and Civil Conflict: The Cases of Syria, […]
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“The Helsinki Process and its applicability: Towards regional security-building in the Persian Gulf”, Mikael Wigell, Mika Aaltola and Mariette Hägglund (FIIA, Finland)
The idea of a ‘Middle East Helsinki Process’ has been raised as a potential collective security mechanism to help avoid […]
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“Belarus without Lukashenko: How it became a realistic scenario”, Arkady Moshes and Ryhor Nizhnikau (FIIA, Finland)
Alexander Lukashenko’s “victory” in the election cannot bridge the gap between the president and the modern part of Belarusian society. […]
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“Mega-regionals and the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement: A Historical Institutionalist Analysis”, Tatiana Kakara (College of Europe, Bruges)
The European Union (EU) has increasingly turned towards the conclusion of mega-regional free trade agreements (FTAs). Drawing on historical institutionalism, […]
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“The Belarusian revolution and the Kremlin”, Carmen Claudín (CIDOB, Spain)
Moscow is increasingly alone in eastern Europe. A revolution is underway in Belarus and the legitimacy of Russian hegemony is […]
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“Great-power competition and the rising US-China rivalry: Towards a new normal?”, Bart Gaens and Ville Sinkkonen (FIIA, Finland)
The United States and China are posited to be at the epicenter of an emerging and – by most accounts […]
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“Through the Looking Glass: The Nordic-Baltic Region and the Changing Role of the United States”, Piret Kuusik (EFPI, Estonia)
This analysis focuses on the countries in the Nordic-Baltic region – Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden – and […]
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“Nothing New Under the Sun? Continuity and Change in Russian Policy Towards Ukraine”, James Sherr (EFPI, Estonia)
The aims of this report are to explain Ukraine’s consolidation, resilience and determination to make its own decisions despite great […]
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“Empty Shell no More: China’s Growing Footprint in Central and Eastern Europe”, Ivana Karásková, Alicja Bachulska, Ágnes Szunomár, Stefan Vladisavljev, Una Aleksandra Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Konstantinas Andrijauskas, Liisi Karindi, Andrea Leonte, Nina Pejič & Filip Šebok (CIR, Slovenia)
Authors from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) analyze China’s economic, political and social footprint in the region. They provide policy […]
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“UN @ 75: Rethinking multilateralism”, Pol Bargués (CIDOB, Spain)
This CIDOB Report examines the challenges currently facing the UN and offers pathways for the reform and strengthening of multilateralism […]
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“The European Union’s New Foreign Policy”, Martin Westlake (College of Europe, Bruges)
This book brings together senior practitioners and academic specialists to consider how the EU’s new foreign policy has been evolving […]
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“Could a Bridge between the EU and Latin America Boost Innova-tion “Sovereignty” in a Multipolar World?”, Nicola Bilotta and Alissa Siara (IAI, Italy)
The economic ramifications of COVID-19 will accentuate the technological innovation gap between Latin America and the rest of the world. […]
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“Some international players have a strategy in Libya, others not”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Spain)
The EU has been reduced to the role of bystander, paralysed by the conflict between Italy and France which support […]
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“EU Policy and the Humanitarian Crisis in Syria: Time for a Reassessment”, Amer Al-Hussein (IAI, Italy)
The West is not only Donald Trump’s USA; it is high time for Europe to think of its interests in […]
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“Russia in Latin America: repercussions for Spain”, Mira Milosevich-Juaristi (Elcano, Spain)
The disappearance of the Soviet Union in 1991 significantly reduced Moscow’s influence in Latin America. Its geopolitical influence in the […]
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“Syrian Textile Workers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case for Closer Cooperation between Turkey and the EU”, Jannes Tessmann (IPC, Turkey)
2018/19 Mercator-IPC Fellow Jannes Tessmann’s policy brief “Syrian Textile Workers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case for Closer Cooperation between […]
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“Building a Euro-Mediterranean Partnership with, not for, Cities”, Sylvia I. Bergh (CIDOB, Spain)
How can more support for decentralised cooperation revive and improve the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP)? This CIDOB Briefing reports and reflects […]
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“Framing an EU Response to Israel’s Annexation of the West Bank”, Nathalie Tocci (IAI, Italy)
Europeans should reflect on the consequences of Israel’s ongoing disenfranchisement of Palestinian rights, the last iteration of which is Prime […]
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“Belt and Road Cities Begin to Find their Form”, Simon Curtis and Maximilian Mayer (CIDOB, Spain)
Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, China continues to invest financial and political capital in its Belt and Road Initiative. As it […]
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“The Sahel: Europe’s other border”, Oriol Puig (CIDOB, Spain)
The border outsourcing strategy is presented as a “success” due to the fall in arrivals on European soil, but this […]
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“Deciphering China in the Middle East”, Erzsébet N. Rózsa (IWE CERS, Hungary)
It is commonly perceived that the engagement of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the Middle East is driven […]
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