This briefing compares how the Do No Significant Harm Principle (DNSH) is applied in Cohesion policy and the Recovery and […]
Read more
Category: Publications
“Stabilizing the European Continent: Reflections on the Future of EU Enlargement”, Jean De Ruyt (Egmont, Belgium)
Since the decision to accept Croatia as a candidate member in 2011, the debate in the European Union about its […]
Read more
“Inventory of EUFSP-related Public and Elite Opinion Surveys”, Pierangelo Isernia et al. (IAI, Italy)
This study offers an inventory of elite and public opinion surveys on EU foreign and security policy (EUFSP). It first […]
Read more
“Lebanon: Financial crisis or national collapse?”, Bassem Snaije (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Lebanon is experiencing an economic and financial crisis that seems to have begun with the outbreak of major demonstrations in […]
Read more
“Sustainable finance in the EU: implementing the commitment to ‘Do No Significant Harm'”, Christoph Klika (EIPA, Maastricht)
In view of the growing importance of sustainable finance to complement the legislative agenda of the European Green Deal, this […]
Read more
“The Geopolitics of Clean Hydrogen: Opportunities and Challenges for Italy”, Marco Giuli (IAI, Italy)
The emergence of clean hydrogen as an energy carrier promises to shape the future geography of the energy trade. Under […]
Read more
“Russian Spring 2022 Recruitment Cycle: Putin’s Camouflaged Referendum?”, Joris Van Bladel (Egmont, Belgium)
In May 2022, Egmont published the Paper 116 entitled The Russian Soldiers’ Question Revisited, in which they suggested, “The current […]
Read more
“Brexit thwarts democracy in Northern Ireland”, Seán Golden (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The UK has proposed overriding provisions of the Northern Ireland Protocol, a precondition of the EU-UK free trade agreement. The […]
Read more
“Politics of the Debtfare State: Repoliticizing the Czech Debt Enforcement Order and Its Limits”, Daniel Šitera (IIR, Czech Republic)
In Czechia, one of the statistically most equal and least indebted states, almost one-tenth of its (mostly low-income) population is […]
Read more
“Can the West Afford to Let the World Go Hungry? Overcoming Challenges to Establishing a Humanitarian Corridor in the Black Sea”, Isak Runarsson (IAI, Italy)
While economic interdependencies do not prevent war, witnessed most recently by Russia’s naked war of conquest in Ukraine, the costs […]
Read more
“Autonomy through digital resilience: The importance of upholding the national tech stack”, Markus Holmgren (FIIA, Finland)
The national tech stack refers to the totality of a nation’s technological capability, including its infrastructure, supply chains, governance, and […]
Read more
“Balancing Conventional and Hybrid Threats in (Future) State Competition”, Pieter Balcaen and Bernard Siman (Egmont, Belgium)
Much attention has been drawn in latest years to the increasing challenges posed by ‘hybrid threats’, and the question how […]
Read more
“After Boris Johnson, can the UK regain international respect?”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Without Boris Johnson, Brexit would never have happened. Johnson’s personal brand swung the narrow win for Leave in 2016. Despite […]
Read more
“A temporary gas savings subsidy as an emergency tool to reduce gas consumption and emissions”, Daniel Gros (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
A key problem for European policy makers today is how to reduce Europe’s dependency on gas imports from Russia. This […]
Read more
“General Overview of the Humanitarian Situation in Ukraine”, Olga Pyshchulina (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine caused a rapid increase in humanitarian needs and a humanitarian crisis, the consequences of which […]
Read more
“Chinese investment in the Baltic Sea region: main characteristics and policy challenges”, Ágnes Szunomár and Kálmán Kalotay (IWE CERS, Hungary)
This report analyses the dynamics and main features of Chinese investment, especially foreign directinvestment (FDI), in the Baltic Sea region, […]
Read more
“Defence cooperation and change: How defence industry integration fostered development of the European security community”, Ondřej Ditrych and Tomáš Kučera (IIR, Czech Republic)
This article situates recent initiatives to deepen security and defence cooperation in the European Union in the historical perspective. It […]
Read more
“The EU Approach to Space Traffic Management”, Giancarlo La Rocca, Karolina Muti and Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
A main goal of Spaceways will be to characterise and understand the context of Space Traffic Management (STM), especially its […]
Read more
“US global security partnerships in the Biden era: Twilight or regeneration?”, Eoin Micheál McNamara (FIIA, Finland)
Guarantee-based alliances underpinned US grand strategy during the Cold War, but policies designed for the War on Drugs (WOD) after […]
Read more
“Al-Shabab in Mozambique: Taking Stock of an Insurgency Under Cover”, Tom Van Rentergem (Egmont, Belgium)
Since the first attack in October 2017, Mozambique has been confronted with an extremist insurgency called Ansar Al-Sunna Wa Jamma […]
Read more
“International Business, 2nd Edition”, Peter J. Buckley, Peter Enderwick and Hinrich Voss (CIR, Slovenia)
Written by a world-renowned author team and drawing together key theories and perspectives using Peter Buckley’s Global Factory framework, International Business […]
Read more
“Melilla, One More Step”, Blanca Garcés Mascareñas (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The border violence isn’t new but the deaths at the Melilla border fence on 24 June are one more step. […]
Read more
“Towards a smart and sustainable single European transport area: An assessment of the past 10 years of EU regulation”, Matthias Finger, Juan Montero and Teodora Serafimova (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This book achieves two major objectives. First, it reminds us of the decades-long journey to build a Single European Transport […]
Read more
“The Wholesale Electricity Market in Wartime”, Svitlana Chekunova (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The unjustified Russian invasion of Ukraine has had a severe impact on the wholesale electricity market. Since the beginning of […]
Read more
“Russkii as the New Rossiiskii? Nation-Building in Russia After 1991”, Helge Blakkisrud (NUPI, Norway)
Russia’s post-1991 nation-building project has been torn between competing interpretations of national identity. Whereas the other former Soviet republics opted […]
Read more
“‘Truly a European company’: a Chinese auto maker’s strategies of Europeanisation”, Ágnes Szunomár et al. (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Research on international business presents ‘liability of foreignness’ as a key factor in a Multinational Enterprise’s (MNE’s) operations, but it […]
Read more
“The Diplomatic Rapprochement between Turkey and Egypt: Implications and Recommendations for the Czech Presidency of the EU”, Clément Steuer, Pelin Ayan Musil and Sinan Arda (IIR, Czech Republic)
The recent rapprochement between Turkey and Egypt could be the key to the stabilization of the situation in Libya, which […]
Read more
“Gender Issues in Russia”, Marina Pisklakova-Parker (IAI, Italy)
Gender inequality in the Russian Federation has been growing in the past few years due to the lack of a […]
Read more
“EU candidate Ukraine and the 27 gatekeepers: Pragmatizing the EU enlargement policy”, Tyyne Karjalainen (FIIA, Finland)
The signing of the European Union membership application by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on the fourth day of Russia’s invasion of […]
Read more
“Is Europe Serious About Defense?”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
Slowly but surely Europeans are getting serious about defense. Military expenditure is trending upward, readiness is being rebuilt, and collective […]
Read more
“Slovenia: High interest in the complementarity of the Three Seas Initiative with EU regional development frameworks”, Ana Bojinović Fenko (CIR, Slovenia)
Slovenia positions itself within the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) based on its general understanding of the origin and potential outcomes […]
Read more
“As North African energy links are redrawn, Italy becomes Europe’s southern gas hub”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The war that began in Ukraine in February 2022 is reshaping international relations – in some sectors faster than others. […]
Read more
“CMPF’s contribution to the Call for Evidence on the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA)”, Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
The CMPF welcomes the high symbolic and normative value of a European Media Freedom Act. It is many years, probably […]
Read more
“Global Trends of Green Investment”, Kateryna Markevych (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Environmental threats related to global climate change and environmental degradation have been at the forefront of global development risks in […]
Read more
“NATO’s 2022 Strategic Concept: Change, Continuity and Implications”, Gabriella Bolstad and Eskil Jakobsen (NUPI, Norway)
On the 29th of June 2022, in Madrid, NATO’s 30 members adopted a new Strategic Concept for the Alliance. The […]
Read more
“An overview of strategies for social-ecological transformation in the field of transportation”, John Szabo, Thomas SJ Smith and Leon Leuser (IWE CERS, Hungary)
A destructive and wasteful transportation model has developed across the Global North and further afield over the last 150 years, […]
Read more
“When International Disasters Affect Technology Transfer: Where is International Law?”, Federica Cristiani (IIR, Czech Republic)
Natural disasters may have devastating impacts on human life, the economy, and environment of the affected states. This article focuses […]
Read more
“Youth Ideas for the Future of Europe”, Funda Tekin et al. (IEP, Germany)
What conditions contribute to the success of European participation projects? First, a wide European network and a supportive application process are […]
Read more
“Tackling Uncertainty: Turkish-EU Foreign Policy Cooperation in the Middle East and North Africa”, Andrea Dessì, Senem Aydın-Düzgit and Daniela Huber (IAI, Italy)
With the withdrawal of NATO forces from Afghanistan, the continuation of overlapping security and socio-economic challenges across much of the […]
Read more
“Russia’s connectivity strategies in Eurasia: Politics over economy”, Kristiina Silvan and Marcin Kaczmarski (FIIA, Finland)
Russia has been attempting to strengthen connectivity within Eurasia since the early 2000s as a part of its policy to […]
Read more
“Free rider no more? Belgium and the NATO Madrid Summit”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
When Paul-Henri Spaak signed the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949, he did so full of confidence and pride. Today, however, […]
Read more
“NATO’s New Strategic Concept: Novelties and Priorities”, Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
NATO’s new Strategic Concept provides a clear set of guidelines for the Alliance in a mid-term perspective. Adopted on 29 […]
Read more
“A New Eastern Question? Great Powers and the Post-Yugoslav States”, Soeren Keil and Bernhard Stahl (CIR, Slovenia)
This compilation of essays by scholars from the region, Western Europe, and the US, explores the intersection of international politics […]
Read more
“Sense and Nonsense behind Energy Price Caps”, Daniel Gros and Nathalie Tocci (IAI, Italy)
In official circles at the highest level, from the G7 to the European Council, a tense debate is taking place […]
Read more
“Relations on thin ice: a narrative analysis of Chinese governance in the Arctic”, Erin Marie Parsons (CIDOB, Barcelona)
In a fractured governance architecture, the Arctic region is increasingly faced with complex challenges like climate change, indigenous rights and […]
Read more
“European Defence: Time to Act”, Alessandro Azzoni (IAI, Italy)
The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 has renewed momentum on the long-standing debate on EU defence, convincing […]
Read more
“Unequal Europe: Regional Integration and the Rise of European Inequality”, Csaba Lakócai (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Beckfield’s book is an empirical study on how European integrationhas affected the (mainly Western European) welfare state systems.Data analyses reveal […]
Read more
“Green Deal Watch No. 7”, Margherita Bianchi and Lorenzo Colantoni (IAI, Italy)
This Green Deal Watch presents a general analytical foreword, followed by the in-depth monitoring of Green Deal activities, divided according […]
Read more
“Samir Amin and the Changing of the World”, Annamária Artner (IWE CERS, Hungary)
This article examines the answers that Samir Amin, a well-known theorist of the Third World, gave to three questions: why, […]
Read more
“The Russian Economy Is Muddling Through the Sanctions War”, Oleg Buklemishev (IAI, Italy)
The transatlantic campaign of sanctions against Russia after its aggression of Ukraine is unprecedented in scale and scope, involving not […]
Read more
“The EU as a Soft Power Superpower: Why a Green Marshall Plan for the Sahel Is Imperative”, Friso Stevens and Dorith Kool (Egmont, Belgium)
This research paper argues that the European Union should roll out a European Green Marshall Plan for ecosystem restoration and […]
Read more
“Lessons from the Past Momentum Going Forward: Norm Dynamics and the Process of Protection for Climate-Induced Migration and Displacement”, Elin Jakobsson (UI, Sweden)
When delegations packed up and left COP21 in Paris, in December 2015, the conference had decided to establish a task […]
Read more
“Zelenskyy’s change of approach towards Russia: From soft touch to firm hand”, Arkady Moshes and Ryhor Nizhnikau (FIIA, Finland)
Since his election as the President of Ukraine in 2019, Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s Russia policy has been driven by his campaign […]
Read more
“The EU Strategic Compass: A Blueprint for a European Defensive and Securitisation Policy”, Pol Bargués (IAI, Italy)
On 21 March 2022, the Council of the European Union released the Strategic Compass for Security and Defence. The document provides a […]
Read moreTrans European Policy Studies Association Launches Book on Russia and the Future of Europe
TEPSA continues to provide excellent analysis of politicalattitudes and trends across the EU27 and beyond BRUSSELS, 13/07/2022: The latest book […]
Read more
“Beyond the Brussels Effect: Supporting the International Case for a Value-based Digital Market”, Susanna Sprague (Egmont, Belgium)
Building a strong European Single Market represents a major effort and challenge to the European Union. It must encompass and […]
Read more
“Europe Day 2022: End of the Conference on the Future of Europe but the beginning of a Europe for all Europeans?”, Ward Den Dooven (Egmont, Belgium)
On Europe Day (May 9th), the final report of the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE) was presented to […]
Read more
“Beyond the “End of History”: Nationalism, Liberalism and the War in Ukraine”, Hadas Aron and Emily Holland (IAI, Italy)
The world is watching the alliance of liberalism and nationalism in Ukraine’s struggle for survival. These two ideas were the […]
Read more
“European politics in times of crisis: Developments in Germany, France and Italy, and consequences for the EU”, Marco Siddi, Niklas Helwig and Tuomas Iso-Markku (FIIA, Finland)
The war in Ukraine and the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have put the spotlight on important political developments […]
Read more
“The EU’s Engagement with Latin America: The Case of Colombia”, Marcello Di Filippo (IAI, Italy)
The European Union has employed a wide set of legal and policy tools in its well-established relations with Colombia, playing […]
Read more
“Western financial warfare and Russia’s de-dollarization strategy: How sanctions on Russia might reshape the global financial system”, Maria Shagina (FIIA, Finland)
Since 2014, Russia’s de-dollarization plan has been guided by security and geopolitical considerations. By dumping the US dollar from its […]
Read more
Video: “Are Boris Johnson & Brexit Finished?”, Brendan Donnelly and John Stevens (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Federal Trust Chairman Johns Stevens and Director Brendan Donnelly discuss Boris Johnson’s chances of survival as Prime Minister. They also consider […]
Read more
“The World Climate and Security Report 2022: Decarbonized Defense – Combating Climate Change and Increasing Operational Effectiveness with Clean Military Power, The Need for Clean Military Power in the Age of Climate Change”, Louise van Schaik et al. (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The paper warns that militaries must accelerate efforts toward net zero to achieve a win-win-win: minimize fossil fuel-related operational vulnerabilities, […]
Read more
“Eastern Mediterranean Energy Resources between Energy Security and Energy Transition”, Pier Paolo Raimondi (IAI, Italy)
Since 2009, Eastern Mediterranean energy resources have attracted growing interests because of its vast energy reserves. These energy resources could […]
Read more
“Southeast Asian democracy: Democratic regression or autocratic hardening?”, Bart Gaens and Olli Ruohomäki (FIIA, Finland)
In line with a global trend, Southeast Asia faces an overall decline in levels of democracy, raising the question of […]
Read more
“Brexit can be undone: and so it should be”, Andrew Blick (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Acceptance is growing that Brexit is a source of considerable harm to the UK. Even among supporters of leaving who […]
Read more
“European Council Conclusions: A Powerful Tool”, Jim Cloos (Egmont, Belgium)
Ever since its creation in 1974, the European Council has dominated the EU agenda, even though at first lacking any […]
Read more
“Europe cannot wait for unity: Teaming up to improve EU foreign policy effectiveness and what the Netherlands could contribute to it”, Ties Dams, Giulia Cretti and Louise van Schaik (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The EU is not always united and visible in foreign policy. This policy brief argues it could make more use […]
Read more
“Why Ukraine and Russia Stopped Talking”, John Zachau (UI, Sweden)
On 28 May, Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz and President of France Emmanuel Macron urged Russia’s President Vladimir Putin to […]
Read more
“Fighting Environmental Crime in Europe: An Assessment of Trends, Players and Action”, Lorenzo Colantoni, Giulia Sofia Sarno and Margherita Bianchi (IAI, Italy)
The report provides a comprehensive assessment of environmental crimes in the EU-27, from multiple perspectives: types of crimes, trends and […]
Read more
“Understanding non-state armed groups: Forces for good, evil or something in-between?”, Katariina Mustasilta, Olli Ruohomäki and Mathilda Salo (FIIA, Finland)
Non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are standard yet versatile protagonists in today’s armed conflicts. Struggling to deal with NSAGs, the dominant […]
Read more
Video: “Video: Brexit undermines the rule of law in the UK”, Brendan Donnelly (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Federal Trust Director Brendan Donnelly discusses the British government’s attempt to rewrite the Northern Ireland Protocol; its attempt to deport asylum-seekers to […]
Read more
“How the War in Ukraine Shapes the Multipolar World”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
Had China backed Russia like the EU and the US back Ukraine, that would have been a tipping point for […]
Read more
“Russia’s growing presence in Africa and its implication for EU policy”, Guido Lanfranchi and Kars de Bruijne (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The growth of Russia’s presence across Africa over the last decade has generated significant international concern, further exacerbated after Moscow’s […]
Read more
“The US–Italy Economic Relations in a Divided World”, Adriana Castagnoli (IAI, Italy)
In 2021, bilateral trade returned to the sustained pace it had prior to the Covid pandemic. Direct investment also grew […]
Read more
“Norway’s Foreign and Security Policy: A Challenging Mix of Realism and Idealism”, Ann-Marie Ekengren (UI, Sweden)
Increasing tensions between major powers and even war in Europe are setting the tone for the 2020s. A stable European […]
Read more
“An Overview of the Current State of US-Italian Political-Security Relations”, Dario Cristiani (IAI, Italy)
The relationship between the United States and Italy has historically been strong, although there have been moments of misunderstanding and […]
Read more
“What the Zeitgeist can Tell us About the Future of Terrorism”, Rik Coolsaet and Thomas Renard (Egmont, Belgium)
In the United States and across Europe, there is a broad recognition that right-wing extremism has become either the main […]
Read more
“Russian Youth: Their Attitude to the Ruling Elite and Political Processes”, Denis Volkov (IAI, Italy)
Young Russians are different from older generations. They are confident Internet users and thus have access to independent media and […]
Read more
“Digital technologies shaping the nature and routine intensity of shopfloor work”, Andrea Szalavetz (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Drawing on data from Hungarian manufacturing companies, this paper aims to explore the ways in which digital technologies affect the […]
Read more
“Climate Change and Security in the Mediterranean: Exploring the Nexus, Unpacking International Policy Responses”, Andrea Dessì and Flavia Fusco (IAI, Italy)
This volume examines the multidimensional relationship between climate change and security across Mediterranean Basin states and societies, underscoring the key […]
Read more
“Reforming the EU’s electoral law: More EU democracy”, Manuel Müller (IEP, Germany)
On 3 May 2022, in a bid to harmonise European elections, the European Parliament agreed on a comprehensive revision of […]
Read more
“Not Yet Time for Diplomacy: Lessons from Italy’s Ill-Conceived Peace Plan for Ukraine”, Riccardo Alcaro and Nona Mikhelidze (IAI, Italy)
Few may have noticed, but Italy recently advanced its own diplomatic proposal for a resolution of the war in Ukraine. […]
Read more
“Lessons from the proposed contours of a Russia-Ukraine peace agreement: A way for China and Taiwan to coexist?”, Jyrki Kallio and Mikael Mattlin (FIIA, Finland)
If China’s security concerns with regard to the growing US presence in its neighbourhood are not taken seriously, it could […]
Read more
“Why Ukraine (and Moldova) Must Become EU Candidates”, Nathalie Tocci (IAI, Italy)
In the fourth month of war, European support for Ukraine risks sagging. This includes dropping the ball on Ukraine’s EU […]
Read more
“Celebrating Europe Day”, Jaap Hoeksma (The Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Against all odds, the Conference on the Future of Europe has shown that it is quite possible for the EU […]
Read more
“Summary of Party Positions on EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy”, Leonardo Puleo (IAI, Italy)
This study explores political parties’ salience and position on foreign policy issues in France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland and Spain […]
Read more
“Turkish Foreign Policy and the EU: An Everlasting Candidate Between Delusion and Realities”, Jean-François Drevet (Egmont, Belgium)
The relationship between Turkey and the European Union has never been easy. It is now affected by the activism of […]
Read more
“Reconciling EU Energy Security with Climate Policies: Rethinking European Gas Markets”, Pier Paolo Raimondi and Margherita Bianchi (IAI, Italy)
In response to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine and the global energy crisis that worsened in its wake, the EU has […]
Read more
“The EU’s digital connectivity agenda in Southeast Asia and the benefits of coordination with Japan”, Maaike Okano-Heijmans (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
This policy brief develops the argument for strengthening cooperation between the EU and Southeast Asia in the field of digital […]
Read more
“Legislation as a Tool for Expanding the Power of the State and Limiting Political and Civil Rights in Modern Russia”, Olga Romanova (IAI, Italy)
The whole world is now witnessing what Russian lawmaking of previous years has led to. The aggression against Ukraine is […]
Read more
“Examination of Afghanistan’s Development Traps”, Klemen Knez and Tina G. Lokar (CIR, Slovenia)
In the paper published in the Regional Science Policy and Practice journal, the authors examine the factors behind Afghanistan’s persistent […]
Read more
“Italy and the Nuclear Ban Treaty: A Hesitant Opening?”, Ludovica Castelli (IAI, Italy)
Together with other four NATO members, Italy has hosted US nuclear weapons on its territory since the late 1950s. Moreover, Italy […]
Read more
WATCH: “EU-Russia Relations and the War in Ukraine: from a Portuguese Perspective” (IPRI-NOVA, Portugal)
The aggressive invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops in February 2022 marks a new low in the already-tense relationship […]
Read more
“Energy Transitions and Environmental Geopolitics in the Southern Mediterranean”, Emel Akçalı, Evrim Görmüş and Soli Özel (IAI, Italy)
Climate change and environmental degradation pose existential threats to Mediterranean Basin states and the region’s vast species and ecosystem diversity. […]
Read more
“Russia’s Dictated Non-Peace for Ukraine in 2014-2022”, Andreas Umland and Hugo von Essen (UI, Sweden)
Before 24 February 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian agreements signed in the capital of Belarus in 2014–2015 were seen by many observers […]
Read more
“Ukraine 2021-2022: Modest Results, Immense Challenges”, Yuri Yakymenko et al. (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
For Ukraine, 2021 was marked by two main stress factors — the COVID-19 pandemic and Russian armed aggression. But if […]
Read more
“Preventing the Critical Minerals Crisis”, Tobias Gehrke and Mart Smekens (Egmont, Belgium)
From fighting climate change to limiting dependencies on systemic rivals – radically shifting towards a green economy has become a […]
Read more
“Ukraine’s ‘Iron General’ Is a Hero, but He’s No Star”, Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Meet Valeriy Zaluzhnyy, the commander in chief of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, who’s quietly leading the fight against Russia’s invaders. […]
Read more
“EU Open Strategic Autonomy and the Trappings of Geoeconomics”, Tobias Gehrke (Egmont, Belgium)
The EU’s new trade strategy promises to advance open strategic autonomy that is to balance the benefits of economic interdependence […]
Read more