One of the protagonists of globalization in the past decade has been China. Its economic and financial footprint has deepened […]
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Category: Publications
“Israel’s 2021 election: Another deadlock in a vote on identity, the role of religion, and Bibi”, Timo R. Stewart (FIIA, Finland)
Israel’s two-year government crisis was not conclusively resolved in the 23 March election. Netanyahu has led the country to the […]
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“The European Recovery Plan: the figures for Spain”, Enrique Feás and Federico Steinberg (Elcano, Spain)
The European Recovery Fund, in combination with the other European initiatives to respond to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19, […]
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“What threatens NATO – and what members can do? The case of Norway and Poland”, Jakub Godzimirski (NUPI, Norway)
This research paper examines the critical external and internal challenges that faced NATO at its 70th anniversary, and how the […]
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“Challenges and opportunities for Spain in times of COVID-19”, William Chislett (Elcano, Spain)
Spain is one of the worst affected eurozone countries by COVID-19. The country went into the pandemic with weak macroecoanomic […]
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“Beyond ethnic solidarity: the diversity and specialisation of social ties in a stigmatised migrant minority”, Raffaele Vacca, David Canarte and Tommaso Vitale (Sciences Po CEE, France)
Whether presented as ethnic ‘solidarity’ or ‘segregation’, the idea that migrants’ social world is dominated by tightly-knit, homogeneous, and supportive […]
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“Western Balkans’ Plight is Wake-up Call for Europe”, Vedran Džihić and Paul Schmidt (ÖGFE, Austria)
The coronavirus pandemic has deepened the vulnerabilities of the Western Balkan countries and exposed the weakness of their state institutions, […]
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“France’s African and Mediterranean Policy: Towards a Reinvention of Exceptionalism?”, Pernille Rieker (NUPI, Norway)
Engagement in Africa is still at the heart of French foreign policy. Over the past twenty years, this African policy […]
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“The new Digital Compass at the EU: risks and opportunities”, Raquel Jorge-Ricart (Elcano, Spain)
On 9th March 2021, the European Commission released its newly Digital Compass: the first detailed document by which EU’s Digital Decade ambitions are translated into measurable, […]
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“Strategic Partnerships: The rise and fall of an idea”, Thomas Renard (Egmont, Belgium)
Strategic partnerships have flourished since the 1990s. In the late 2000s, when the EU consolidated its ten strategic partnerships, there […]
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“The ASEAN climate and energy paradox”, Indra Øverland, Haakon Fossum Sagbakken, Roman Vakulchuk, Beni Suryadi, Hoy-Yen Chan, Monika Merdekawati and Nuki Agya Utama (NUPI, Norway)
This article carries out a multisectoral qualitative analysis (MSQA) and policy integration analysis of six sectors important for climate mitigation […]
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“From Tectonic Shifts to Winds of Change in North Africa and the Middle East: Europe’s Role”, Nathalie Tocci et al. (IAI, Italy)
This publication by Nathalie Tocci, Riccardo Alcaro, Francesca Caruso, Silvia Colombo, Dario Cristiani, Andrea Dessì, Flavia Fusco and Daniela Huber […]
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“Looking Again at the Age of Anger”, Pankaj Mishra (IPC, Turkey)
The book “Age of Anger” was written not long after May 2014, when a Hindu supremacist accused of presiding over […]
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“Keys to reactivating the EU–CELAC partnership and channelling the globalisation of the future”, Anna Ayuso (CIDOB, Barcelona)
To reactivate EU–CELAC relations, new paths must be found that take in not only the consequences of the pandemic, but […]
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“Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: South Sudan”, Cedric H de Coning, Andrew E. Yaw Tchie, Anab Ovidie Grand, Florian Krampe and Keira Tarif (NUPI, Norway)
Flooding and droughts significantly disrupt livelihood patterns and food-security and may result in temporary displacement or longer-term migration. Such shocks […]
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“Quo Vadis, Bitcoin?”, Judith Arnal Martín, María Eugenia Menéndez-Morán and Javier Muñoz Moldes (Elcano, Spain)
Technological progress has enabled the development of new assets that aim at fulfilling the functions of money. Replacing traditional money […]
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“New Eastern Europe”, Giovanna Di Mauro (College of Europe, Natolin)
Dr Giovanna Di Mauro recently published an article “Remembering Mark Verlan“, the artist who bridged poetry and apocalyptic jest. The […]
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“Reflections on a Decentralised Approach to Transitional Justice in the DR Congo”, Valérie Arnould (Egmont, Belgium)
After decades of conflict, state violence and widespread impunity, recent political changes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo seem […]
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“The Role of Differentiation in EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy Cooperation with Neigh-bouring Countries”, Senem Aydın-Düzgit, Ian Bond and Luigi Scazzieri (IAI, Italy)
The EU extensively practices differentiation in its foreign, security and defence policy, both internally and externally towards its neighbours. Neighbouring […]
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“Sustainable and Nutrition-Sensitive Food Systems: The Planetary Boundaries Approach”, Özge Geyik (IPC, Turkey)
Nutrition transcends sectors and, hence, requires multi-sectoral action. On the way to the first ever United Nations Food Systems Summit, […]
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“Climate Change and Security in the Arctic”, Ole Jacob Sending, Vegard Valther Hansen, Iselin Németh Winther, Sherri Goodman, Kate Guy and Marisol Maddox (NUPI, Norway)
The report assesses the security risks posed by a warming climate in the Artcic. The analysis looks at two future […]
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“Russia’s redefined view on strategic stability: A security dilemma in Northern Europe?”, Jyri Lavikainen (FIIA, Finland)
Formerly comprising the nuclear relationship between Russia and the US, Russia’s redefined concept of strategic stability includes all forms of […]
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“Digital tulips and the spectre of inflation”, Miguel Otero-Iglesias (Elcano, Spain)
The history of money is as fascinating as the history of civilisation. So much that the two are closely linked […]
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“De-Securitising and Re-Prioritising EU-Iraq Relations”, Flavia Fusco (IAI, Italy)
Located at the heart of the Middle East, connecting the Levant to the Persian Gulf, Iraq has always been at […]
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“The EU’s comprehensive response to out of area crises: Plugging the capability-expectations gap”, Pernille Rieker and Steven Blockmans (NUPI, Norway)
Since adopting a “comprehensive approach” to crisis management in 2013, the EU has spent considerable time and energy on streamlining […]
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“Restoring the Rule of Law within the EU: in Judges we Trust”, Jessica Almqvist (Elcano, Spain)
How to respond to the rule of law challenges faced as a result of access to power of Right-wing populist […]
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“Back in Fashion? The resurgence of bilateral diplomacy in Europe”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
Article in “Poland and Germany in the European Union. The Multidimensional Dynamics of Bilateral Relations” (Routledge). This book explores the […]
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“The European Council’s Financial Mega Deal: An unprecedented challenge for the political and academic world”, Wolfgang Wessels and Lea Hopp (CETEUS, Cologne)
In its July 2020 meeting, the European Council agreed on a financial mega deal, creating the Next Generation EU (NGEU) […]
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“Norway – optimising EU non-membership to maximise mutual European added value”, Pernille Rieker (NUPI, Norway)
Several countries outside the European Union have cooperation agreements with the EU that integrate them more or less into European […]
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“On the Dialectical Unity of Economics – Applied Economists, Boundary Walkers and the Emergence of Macro-Finance”, Matthias Thiemann (Sciences Po CEE, France)
This paper investigates how theories of financial markets and their impact on the real economy have developed since the great […]
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“‘Mixed’ feelings about the EU–Mercosur deal: How to leverage it for sustainable development”, Guillaume Van der Loo (Egmont, Belgium)
Before signing the EU–Mercosur trade agreement, the European Commission must deploy all its legal instruments, in close cooperation with the […]
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“The Plight of the Western Balkans Is a Wake-up Call for Europe”, Vedran Džihić and Paul Schmidt (IAI, Italy)
In societies devastated by the pandemic, the EU needs to leave its conventional tool-box behind and urgently speed up the […]
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“Poland in Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th Century: Economic Aspects”, edited by Przemysław Waingertner (Natolin European Centre, Poland)
This publication discusses economic relations connecting Poland with other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In order to clarify this […]
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“The future of the EU’s lead-candidate procedure”, Paul Schmidt and Johanna Edthofer (Elcano, Spain)
This analysis proposes the following policy recommendations: The EU Parliament would be well advised to resuscitate and reform the EU’s […]
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“Swiss-EU Relations With a Focus on the Current Situation”, Michael Ambühl and Lara Lenz (NUPI, Norway)
Regardless of the upcoming bilateral developments, Switzerland, at the heart of Europe, traditionally has a positive relationship with the EU. […]
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“The Conference on the Future of Europe: Tackling Differentiated Integration”, Nicoletta Pirozzi (IAI, Italy)
During the first wave of the pandemic in Europe, the actions and statements of national leaders revealed a deep rift […]
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“President Niinistö’s two-track initiative: towards stronger Arctic dialogue and revitalization of the Helsinki Spirit?”, Matti Pesu and Henri Vanhanen (FIIA, Finland)
In his recent op-ed, President Sauli Niinistö reintroduced the idea of an Arctic summit. The timing of the meeting could […]
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“Myanmar, a coup of the digital age”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
The coup d’état being perpetrated by the army in Myanmar has made use of more advanced –imported– technologies in pursuit […]
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“UN peace operations in a multipolar order: Building peace through the rule of law and bottom-up approaches”, Kari Osland and Mateja Peter (NUPI, Norway)
UN peace operations need a new peacebuilding agenda that acknowledges both the transboundary nature of conflict drivers and the multipolar […]
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“The Eastern European Order in the Polish Political Thought of the 20th Century”, Edited by Przemysław Waingertner (Natolin European Centre, Poland)
The book is devoted to political reflection on the integration of Central and Eastern Europe with the participation, or even […]
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“Europe’s Quest for Digital Sovereignty: GAIA-X as a Case Study”, Simona Autolitano and Agnieszka Pawlowska (IAI, Italy)
There is currently much discussion about “digital sovereignty” in Europe. While the term encompasses very diverse connotations, it refers to […]
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“Towards a new technology foreign policy in Spain and the EU”, Raquel Jorge Ricart (Elcano, Spain)
Technology and digital policy need to be converted into a single, sole line of foreign policy in both Spain and […]
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“Journalism under instrumentalized political parallelism”, Kjetil Selvik and Jacob Høgilt (NUPI, Norway)
Media systems where political parallelism co-exists with political clientelism have contradictory influences on journalistic practices. Journalists are encouraged to actively […]
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“Hybrid Media and Hybrid Politics: Contesting Informational Uncertainty in Lebanon and Tunisia”, Kjetil Selvik, Katrin Voltmer and Jacob Høigilt (NUPI, Norway)
The ambiguities of hybrid politics, which combines democratic and authoritarian elements, not only constrain independent and critical reporting but also […]
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“COVID-19: the geopolitics of the vaccine, a weapon for global security”, Rafael Vilasanjuan (Elcano, Spain)
Amid the Coronavirus crisis, which has brought travel to a standstill and put the global economy on the ropes, the […]
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“Ukraine’s half-hearted reforms: What needs to change in the West’s approach?”, Arkady Moshes and Ryhor Nizhnikau (FIIA, Finland)
Comprehensive internal reforms, along with security cooperation, are a key pillar of West-Ukraine interaction. Thus far, however, the Western effort […]
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“Europe’s Missile Defence and Italy: Capabilities and Cooperation”, Alessandro Marrone and Karolina Muti (IAI, Italy)
Europe’s missile defence is structurally linked to NATO deterrence and defence architecture, and it has to face both a worsened […]
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“A Governance and Risk Inventory for a Changing Arctic”, Elana Wilson Rowe, Ulf Sverdrup, Karsten Friis, Geir Hønneland and Mike Sfraga (NUPI, Norway)
In this chapter, Elana Wilson Rowe, Ulf Sverdrup, Karsten Friis, Geir Hønneland, and Mike Sfraga caution against viewing trends of […]
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“Rekindling the Agenda on Women, Peace and Security: can the EU lead by example?”, Jessica Almqvist (Elcano, Spain)
The terrain of war and peace is not gender neutral. This was recognised for the first time by the UN […]
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“EU-China investment agreement: the EU’s balancing act between values and economic interests”, Saila Turtiainen (FIIA, Finland)
The ratification process for the EU’s new investment agreement with China is expected to be very difficult. Although the aim […]
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“Labour, Brexit and the constitution: Waiting for the dog to bark”, Andrew Blick (The Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Federal Trust Senior Research Fellow Dr Andrew Blick argues that it would be electorally advantageous to the Labour Party to speak […]
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“Adaptive Peace Operations: Navigating the Complexity of Influencing Societal Change Without Causing Harm”, Cedric H. de Coning (NUPI, Norway)
Complexity theory offers a theoretical framework for analysing how social systems prevent, manage and recover from violent conflict. Insights from […]
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“Technological Competition: Can the EU Compete with China?”, Francesca Ghiretti (IAI, Italy)
The debate on technological development and the unfolding fourth technological revolution tends to neglect the role of the EU, relegating […]
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“After the European Council: is there a formula for stability with an unpredictable Turkey?”, Ilke Toygür (Elcano, Spain)
One week before the European Council meeting, Turkey watchers witnessed a member of the Turkish Parliament from the Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) […]
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“The Lonely Strategist: Who but the High Representative and the EEAS Cares About the EU Global Strategy?”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
EU Member States have agreed on a grand strategy, the 2016 Global Strategy (EUGS). However, the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC), […]
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“Governance, Social Policy, and Political Economy: Trends in Norway’s Partner Countries”, Stein Sundstøl Eriksen (NUPI, Norway)
In 2017–2018, NUPI (the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs) headed a project where political economy analyses were undertaken in eleven […]
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“Clean Molecules across the Mediterranean. The Potential for North African Hydrogen Imports into Italy and the EU”, Luca Franza (IAI, Italy)
Hydrogen is the most promising vector for harnessing North Africa’s largely untapped renewable energy potential. Low-carbon hydrogen produced in North […]
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“US-EU: political convergence, economic divergence”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
The political and geopolitical convergence between the new Biden Administration and the EU and its member states is starting to become evident. […]
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“A European giant little known in the UK”, Brendan Donnelly (The Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
The Director of the Trust reviews a new book by his predecessor entitled “Hitler’s Cosmopolitan Bastard”. This book is a […]
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“Political Socialisation: Out of Purgatory?”, Florence Haegel (Sciences Po CEE, France)
This paper “Political Socialisation: Out of Purgatory?” aims to put contemporary political socialisation research in perspective. It offers a rapid […]
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“The future of the EU’s Spitzenkandidaten procedure”, Johanna Edthofer and Paul Schmidt (ÖGFE, Austria)
The EU`s Spitzenkandidaten procedure was successfully introduced at the European elections in 2014. The European parties reached an agreement that […]
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“How climate insecurity could trigger more conflict in Somalia”, Andrew E. Yaw Tchie (NUPI, Norway)
Climate change effects such as droughts, flash floods, erratic rainfall, disruption to the monsoon seasons, strong winds, cyclones, sandstorms, dust […]
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“Poland towards its Southern Neighbours”, edited by Przemysław Waingertner (Natolin European Centre, Poland)
This is another publication from the series devoted to Polish political reflection on the integration of Central and Eastern Europe. […]
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“The politics of differentiated integration: what do governments want? Country report – Latvia”, Kārlis Bukovskis, Aleksandra Palkova and Ieva Vārna (LIIA, Latvia)
The research investigates the salience and position of the Latvian government and the parliament on the differentiated integration (DI) of […]
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“Searching for a Way Out of the Labyrinth of Digital Financial Innovations – The Trap of Regulatory Challenges in the Digital Financial System”, János Müller and Ádám Kerényi (IWE CERS, Hungary)
János Müller and Ádám Kerényi are monitoring the regulatory tasks and needs in relation to digital financial innovations, which are […]
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“Turkey-EU Relations before the March Summit: the Way Forward?”, Nilgün Arısan-Eralp, Senem Aydın-Düzgit, Atila Eralp, E. Fuat Keyman and Çiğdem Nas (IPC, Turkey)
Tensions in Turkey-EU relations subsided toward the end of 2020 following the Turkish government’s positive engagement with the EU and […]
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“The External Action of the European Union – Concepts, Approaches, Theories”, Sieglinde Gstöhl and Simon Schunz (College of Europe, Bruges)
The External Action of the European Union – Concepts, Approaches, Theories is a groundbreaking new textbook offering an extensive coverage of EU […]
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“A transition for the citizens? Ensuring public participation in the European Green Deal”, Francesca Colli (Egmont, Belgium)
The EU acknowledges that citizen participation in the European Green Deal is vital to ensure the legitimacy of policies and […]
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“African megatrends: Looking over the horizon into the future”, Olli Ruohomäki (FIIA, Finland)
There are seven megatrends shaping the future of Africa. These include population growth, urbanization, climate change, democratization, protracted conflict, connectivity […]
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“Western Sahara: can a Trump tweet lead to unlocking the stalemate?”, Haizam Amirah-Fernández and Isabelle Werenfels (Elcano, Spain)
The outgoing US President Donald Trump recognised Morocco’s sovereignty over the disputed Western Sahara in exchange for Morocco normalising relations […]
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“Russian speech etiquette in the classes of Russian as a foreign Language outside of Russia”, Wojciech Sosnowski (College of Europe, Natolin)
Dr Wojciech Sosnowski, Russian language professor of the Languages and Intercultural Dialogue Office at the College of Europe in Natolin, […]
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“Pandemic, vaccines and power”, Eduard Soler i Lecha (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated geopolitical dynamics that were in place before the pandemic. The global centre of gravity has […]
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“A new multilateralism for the post-COVID world: What role for the EU-Africa partnership?”, Luca Barana (IAI, Italy)
Multilateralism has been in trouble for a while, particularly at the global level. Yet, the European Union (EU) and its […]
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“What Belgium Can Do: Proposals for the National Security Strategy’, Sven Biscop and Nina Wilén (Egmont, Belgium)
Belgium has never had a National Security Strategy: a single strategic vision outlining how to safeguard its national interests from […]
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“Russia meets Climate Change: The Domestic Politicization of Environmental Issues and External Pressure to Decarbonize”, Jussi Lassila and Marco Siddi (FIIA, Finland)
Russia’s role in international climate policy is central. Russia is the fourth largest emitter of carbon dioxide and has vast […]
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“Ethiopia: A potential (De) Stabilising Presence in the Horn of Africa”, Oriol Puig (CIDOB, Spain)
The Ethiopian government ended its military intervention in the Tigray region last December after five weeks of open conflict against […]
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“Rumble in the Democratic Republic of Congo: President Tshisekedi is Taking Control”, Hans Hoebeke (Egmont, Belgium)
Two years after the peaceful transition that ended the presidency of Joseph Kabila, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is […]
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“The Case for Cyber ‘Disarmament’ in the European Union, The International Spectator”, Eugenio Benincasa (IAI, Italy)
The European Union (EU) is becoming increasingly dependent on cyberspace, exposing itself to new security risks. While the EU should […]
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“The Military in the Time of COVID-19: Versatile, Vulnerable, and Vindicating”, Nina Wilén (Egmont, Belgium)
Since the eruption of the world’s latest pandemic, COVID-19 in December 2019, militaries throughout the world have taken on a […]
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“Van Wittel/Vanvitelli Roundtable Policy Report”, Eleonora Poli, Monika Sie Dhian Ho and Brigitte Dekker (IAI, Italy)
On 14 December 2020, the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) and the Clingendael Institute, in cooperation with the Italian Ministry of […]
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“Containers: Essential but more Expensive”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
Standardised containers have become an essential component of modern globalisation, carrying by sea and rail almost half the world’s trade, […]
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“The Gender Gap in the EU’s Public Employment and Leadership”, Clara Cotroneo, Olivia Brown and Iwona Karwot in collaboration with Lukas Adomavicius and Elena Velasco (EIPA, Maastricht)
This Study has been commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request […]
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“Post-Brexit UK has not ‘taken back’ Control of Immigration”, Emmanuel Comte (CIDOB, Spain)
Brexit happened, and a new EU-UK agreement entered into force at the beginning of 2021. But migration is mostly absent […]
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“Breaking the Law of Opposite Effects: Europe’s Strategic Autonomy and the Revived Transatlantic Partnership”, Iulian Romanyshyn (Egmont, Belgium)
The post-Cold War transatlantic relations have been marked by something akin to the law of opposite effects. When the relationship […]
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“Beyond Trade War in Washington: The United States and our less Global Future”, Lauri Tähtinen (FIIA, Finland)
The grand trajectory of the United States has shifted from leader to vocal sceptic of trade integration. Joe Biden is […]
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“Opposition Parties in the European Parliament: The Cases of Syriza, Po-demos and the Five Star Movement”, Eugenio Salvati (IAI, Italy)
The different crises which have affected the European Union (EU) since 2008, have triggered a major politicisation of European integration. […]
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“We finally have our Conference on the Future of Europe!: Now, What do we do with it?”, Ilke Toygür (Elcano, Spain)
After months of toing and froing on the leadership issue, the Joint Declaration on the Conference was finally signed on […]
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“Corruption in Tunisia: Fish Rots from the Head Downwards”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Spain)
What passes for democratic politics in Tunis has become in the words of one former minister “a swamp”. The dire […]
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“The European Parliament Flexes its Muscles on the EU–UK Trade Deal”, Guillaume Van der Loo and Merlijn Chamon (Egmont, Belgium)
The European Parliament has postponed its decision to ratify the Trade and Cooperation Agreement in reaction to the UK’s newest […]
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“On the Brink: Mario Draghi and Italy’s New Government Challenges”, Andrea Dessì (IAI, Italy)
Beyond the media frenzy surrounding the appointment of Mario Draghi as prime minister, the incoming premier will face daunting challenges […]
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“Transatlantic Relations and European Strategic Autonomy in the Biden Era: Neglect, Primacy or Reform?”, Ville Sinkkonen and Garret Martin (FIIA, Finland)
The relief in Europe following Joe Biden’s election has been tempered by uncertainty as to how the new administration might […]
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“The EU One Year after the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Italian-German Perspective”, Nicoletta Pirozzi, Luca Argenta and Paweł Tokarski (IAI, Italy)
The spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic and social consequences have radically changed the reality of the 27 […]
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“The EU Climate Law’s Key Governance Question: Why could the EU use a Climate Watchdog?”, Lola Vallejo, Alina Averchenkova, Matthias Duwe and Lara Lázaro Touza (Elcano, Spain)
The EU Climate Law is the first substantial legislation to implement the vision of the European Green Deal. It aims to […]
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“Toward a Meaningful Metric: Replacing NATO’s 2% Defence Spending Target”, Leonard August Schuette (Egmont, Belgium)
The confluence of Joe Biden’s election to the White House, the likely ramifications of the pandemic for defence budgets, and […]
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“The Health Priority for Italy’s G20 Presidency: Immunise the World, Equitably”, Robert Yates (IAI, Italy)
Global health is often on the agenda of G20 leaders and given the breadth of this vast topic it is […]
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“Inflated Expectations, Unexpected Challenges: Ukraine 2020-2021” (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Developed within the Centre’s annual project “Results and Forecasts”, this publication outlines key results and accomplishments of Ukraine year of […]
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“Implications of COVID-19 on East Africa–EU Partnership on Migration and Forced Displacement”, Tsion Tadesse Abebe and Ottilia Anna Maunganidze (IAI, Italy)
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the current state and prospects of partnership between the East African countries and the […]
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“The Eastern Mediterranean Conflict: From Turkey-Greece Confrontation to Regional Power Struggles”, Toni Alaranta (FIIA, Finland)
At the core of the Eastern Mediterranean conflict is the increasing competition between Greece and the Republic of Cyprus on […]
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“How to Advance to Feminist Cities after the Pandemic?”, Eva Garcia-Chueca (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The pandemic that has beset us for more than a year has had serious effects on public health, the economy, […]
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“Achieving a Feminist Peace by Blurring Boundaries between Private and Public”, Nina Wilén (Egmont, Belgium)
In spite of increased attention to women’s sidelining in matters related to peace and conflict, women continue to be marginalized […]
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