This essay analyses the current status of Sino-European relations. While trade remains the driving force, disagreements on human rights, on […]
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Category: EU External Relations & Global Politics
“Three Scenarios for the Future of Russia-West Relations”, Tony van der Togt (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
Understanding the future of relations between Russia and the West depends largely on how the war in Ukraine plays out. […]
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“The recovery of authoritarian traditions: processes, actors and networks”, Alberto Martín Álvarez and Kristina Pirker (CIDOB, Barcelona)
In Europe, Latin America and the United States the electoral successes and rising popularity of political parties that take nationalist […]
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“What news from the Ukrainian front? A net assessment”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
The ongoing bombing of Ukraine may create the impression that the war has become hopeless. In addition, the economic and […]
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“Three Seas Initiative: Mapping National Perspectives”, Andris Sprūds and Mārtiņš Vargulis (LIIA, Latvia)
The publication “Three Seas Initiative: Mapping National Perspectives” offers a collection of articles that discuss priorities of the Initiative from […]
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“Insights for Foreign Policy Analysis from European Union External Action Studies”, Sieglinde Gstöhl and Simon Schunz (College of Europe, Bruges)
The European Union (EU) has increasingly become a foreign policy actor in its own right, sparking the emergence of EU […]
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“Iran’s Defence Industry: What’s in Stock for Russia?”, Tato Kvamladze (ICDS, Estonia)
Albeit heavily sanctioned and exhausted by the Islamic revolution and the war with Iraq, Iran has managed to upbuild a […]
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“Strategic Partnerships in Twenty-Second Century Global Politics: From Weathering Storms to the Politics of Anticipation”, Andriy Tyushka (College of Europe, Natolin)
Dr Andriy TYUSHKA, Senior Research Fellow in the European Neighbourhood Policy Chair at the College of Europe in Natolin, has […]
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“Europe’s Indo-Pacific Tilt: Estonian and Japanese Interests”, Frank Jüris et al. (ICDS, Estonia)
Reshaped by the new great power competition, the international order has been undergoing revolutionary transformations. Revanchist Russia has unleashed a […]
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“Outspokenly Unspoken: The Chinese People’s ‘White Paper Revolution’”, Bart Dessein and Jasper Roctus (Egmont, Belgium)
A devastating fire in Urumqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang autonomous region in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) […]
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“Ensuring transparent and impactful policy coherence for development”, Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň (IIR, Czech Republic)
Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň’s in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament, has evaluated the EU’s Policy Coherence for Development. At a time […]
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“Russia is in need of a new Central Asia policy: Will there be one?”, Kristiina Silvan (FIIA, Finland)
One year ago, Russia had a firm foothold in Central Asia. However, Moscow’s decision to invade Ukraine, its military defeats, […]
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“Hybrid Threats in Baltics and Taiwan: Commonalities, Risks and Lessons for Small Democracies”, Andris Sprūds, Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova and Sintija Broka (LIIA, Latvia)
The publication “Hybrid Threats in Baltics and Taiwan: Commonalities, Risks and Lessons for Small Democracies” gathers a group of leading […]
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“Reach for the Stars: Bridging Italy’s Potential in Space with Its Foreign and Security Policy”, Karolina Muti (IAI, Italy)
Italian capabilities, expertise and potential in the space sector are not widely known. Among state actors, Rome has actually been […]
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“Foreign Fighters and Radical Influencers – Radical Milieus in the Postwar Balkans”, Asya Metodieva (IIR, Czech Republic)
In her new book published by Routledge, IIR’s researcher Asya Metodieva looks at Salafi influencers and foreign fighters in the […]
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“The world in 2023: ten issues that will shape the international agenda”, Carme Colomina (CIDOB, Barcelona)
In 2023, limits, both individual and collective, will be tested, whether it be inflation, food security, the energy crisis, rising […]
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“Beyond Downloading: Venues for Associated Neighbouring Countries to Influence EU Law and Policies”, Sieglinde Gstöhl and Christian Frommelt (College of Europe, Bruges)
The European Union (EU) has over time developed close relations, typically taking the form of acquis-based association agreements, with the […]
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“Thoughts of a dead man”, Mykhailo Mishchenko (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Analysts debate if there is anything that can change the public opinion in Russia about the so-called “special military operation” […]
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“Time to Re-engage with Kosovo and Serbia: Strengthening EU Foreign and Security Policy amidst Internal Contestation”, Pol Bargués et al. (CIDOB, Barcelona)
With the 15th year anniversary of Kosovo’s independence approaching in 2023, the status quo of the Kosovo-Serbia conflict looks increasingly […]
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“Time to Re-engage with Kosovo and Serbia: Strengthening EU Foreign and Security Policy amidst Internal Contestation”, Pol Bargués et al. (IAI, Italy)
With the 15th year anniversary of Kosovo’s independence approaching in 2023, the status quo of the Kosovo-Serbia conflict looks increasingly […]
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“Policing the Police: the EU’s Struggle to Strengthen the Security Sector in Libya”, Matteo Colombo and Nienke van Heukelingen (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
More than ten years after the ousting of Gaddafi, the Libyan police under the Ministry of Interior are still struggling […]
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“The Interaction between the Humanitarian Aid and Counter-terrorism Policies of the European Union”, Lucie Deffenain (College of Europe, Bruges)
This paper examines the links and dynamics between the counter-terrorism and humanitarian aid policies of the European Union (EU). These […]
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“Putin’s Counterintelligence State”, Sanshiro Hosaka (ICDS, Estonia)
It is far from inevitable that the looming historical defeat of the Russian armed forces in their full-blown invasion of […]
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“The European Parliament’s role in Foreign and Security Policies: lessons from the Russian invasion of Ukraine”, Stef Borgers and Jacopo Giraudo (College of Europe, Bruges)
The Russian invasion of Ukraine represents one of the most critical geopolitical developments in Europe’s recent history and a major […]
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“Building European Security Against Russia – A View From Estonia”, Kristi Raik and Martin Hurt (ICDS, Estonia)
With Russia’s barbaric invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, major conventional war returned to Europe in a manner unseen […]
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“Crisis Impact. China-Central Europe relations amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine”, Ivan Lidarev (IIR, Czech Republic)
IIR’s researcher Think Visegrad fellow Ivan Lidarev has published a policy paper, which seeks to understand the impact of the […]
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“Post-colonial citizenship and decolonisation as a turning point: continuities and discontinuities in African states”, Browen Manby (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This paper considers decolonisation as a turning point, or moment of change, in the history of the legal regulation of […]
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“The EU vis-à-vis Turmoil in Burkina Faso: Towards Europeanisation?”, Francesca Lenzi (IAI, Italy)
In late September 2022, Burkina Faso experienced its second coup in eight months. In the name of national security, Captain […]
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“Realising the EU Hybrid Toolbox: opportunities and pitfalls”, Kenneth Lasoen (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
In recent years European and other nations have been increasingly targeted by different manipulation or coercion tactics that remain under […]
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“Green Deal Watch”, Margherita Bianchi and Lorenzo Colantoni (IAI, Italy)
This Green Deal Watch presents a general analytical foreword, followed by the in-depth monitoring of Green Deal activities, divided according […]
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“Europe’s Area of Maritime Interest in Northeast Asia”, Philip Shetler-Jones (IAI, Italy)
Participation in the monitoring of UN sanctions on North Korea is Europe’s most prominent operational contribution to Indo-Pacific security, but […]
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“Between Ostpolitik and Zeitenwende—Germany’s Dual Dependence on China and Russia”, Anniki Mikelsaar (ICDS, Estonia)
In the spirit of Chancellor Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik, Germany prioritised commercial ties with Russia and China over the geopolitical risks […]
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“Securitisation of the Neighbourhood: EU-Driven Frame Alignment and Projection on Southern and Eastern Neighbourhood Partner Countries”, Tamar Gamkrelidze (College of Europe, Natolin)
Dr Tamar GAMKRELIDZE, Postdoctoral Fellow in the European Neighbourhood Policy Chair at the College of Europe in Natolin, recently co-authored […]
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“Strategic Tech Cooperation between the EU and India”, Maaike Okano-Heijmans and Vera Kranenburg (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
In an era of multipolarity, India – expected to become the world’s most populous nation soon – will be a […]
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“Visit Taiwan!”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
These days, one very specific type of tourist does descend on Taiwan in droves: the political tourist. For many politicians […]
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“Rethinking the EU’s Eastern Enlargement and Neighborhood Policy”, Stefan Meister, Milan Nič, Iskra Kirova & Steven Blockmans (DGAP, Germany)
The stagnating EU accession process needs political will and procedural changes allowing eastern candidates to advance. In the meantime, they […]
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“The winner takes it all? Who benefits from China’s increasing presence in Francophone Africa?”, Ágnes Szunomár, Gergely Buda (IWE CERS, Hungary)
In this paper we explore whether China’s presence in Francophone Africa is to the detriment or the benefit of the […]
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“Biden’s National Security Strategy: Three Important Truths for Europe”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
Academics love analysing documents – indeed, we often over-analyse them. For a security analyst, a National Security Strategy is the […]
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“The EU and Ukraine: Strategy and Morality: The 20th National Congress of the CCP”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
The EU has surprised everybody, not least itself, with its strong response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Yet as the […]
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“Europeanisation of Norwegian security and defence policy. Nordic cooperation as vehicle”, Pernille Rieker (NUPI, Norway)
With Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, European security has been placed on high alert, highlighting the importance of both the EU […]
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“Two pending questions about Belarus. Will Lukashenka order to attack Ukraine?”, Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
What signs can make us think that the threat for Ukraine is imminent. There are two pending questions for us, […]
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“European Defence: The Full Package”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
As EU Member States are increasing defence spending and strengthening their armed forces, the role of the EU institutions is […]
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“Italy’s Renewed Interest in the Horn of Africa”, Elio Calcagno, Silvia Strangis (IAI, Italy)
On 12 June 2022, a bilateral meeting between Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and Somalian President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud […]
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“Risks of losing US support? Minimal”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The headlines this week are, of course, about the results of the midterm elections in the USA, and with that […]
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“Russia’s War on Ukraine: Two Inconvenient Truths for the EU”, Zachary Paikin (IAI, Italy)
Following a spectacular counteroffensive and the retaking of Kherson, the war in Europe’s east has moved into a new phase. […]
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“Beyond License Plates and Crisis Management: Options for the EU for a Final Agreement on Kosovo and Serbia”, Pol Bargués et al. (IAI, Italy)
With the 15th year anniversary of Kosovo’s independence approaching in 2023, the status quo of the Kosovo–Serbia conflict looks increasingly […]
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“Germany and the Ukraine War: Zeitenwende with the brakes on”, René Cuperus and Luuk Molthof (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
More than most Western European countries, Germany appears especially affected by the Ukraine war. Faced with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, […]
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“International Cooperation in the Arctic 2035 – The Four Scenarios”, Roman Vakulchuk (NUPI, Norway)
The Arctic has always fascinated people; its history, its present, and its future. The future of the Arctic has increasingly […]
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“The implications of global multi-crises for EU-Africa relations in the food security domain”, Fabrizio Botti (IAI, Italy)
Although food insecurity had been worsening in Africa well before Russia´s invasion of Ukraine, the war is triggering more attention […]
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“Foreign Fighters and Radical Influencers – Radical Milieus in the Postwar Balkans”, Asya Metodieva (IIR, Czech Republic)
In her new book published by Routledge, our researcher Asya Metodieva looks at Salafi influencers and foreign fighters in the […]
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“Xi Jinping’s “Common Destiny for Mankind””, Seán Golden (CIDOB, Barcelona)
As expected, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China confirmed Xi Jinping’s third consecutive mandate as General Secretary, […]
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“The Bimonthly Review”, Lizaveta Dubinka-Hushcha (LIIA, Latvia)
The Bimonthly Review (July-September 2022) discusses the latest political, economic, political, social and security developments in Belarus and in respect to the EU, […]
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“The EU as an (In)Significant Player in Libya”, Jesutimilehin O. Akamo, Aude Thomas (IAI, Italy)
Factors that limit the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the Libyan peace process can be categorised into three streams: damage control […]
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“Policing the police: The EU’s struggle to strengthen the Libyan security sector”, Matteo Colombo and Nienke van Heukelingen (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
More than ten years after the ousting of Gaddafi, the Libyan police under the Ministry of Interior are still struggling […]
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“The outlook for the Middle East Peace Process: Stuck in a one-state reality, and you can’t get out of it”, Timo R. Stewart (FIIA, Finland)
Although there is international consensus on the desired outcome of the Middle East Peace Process (MEPP) – namely Israeli-Palestinian talks […]
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“Nuclear rhetoric escalation and risks of miscalculation in Ukraine”, Agnieszka Nimark (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has exposed how close a nuclear escalation, or a nuclear war can be. While the majority […]
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“The EU’s humanitarian aid policy in the post-Lisbon context: an analysis of the decision-making process towards the Palestinian and Ukrainian crises 2010-2021”, Alexandre Piron (College of Europe, Bruges)
This paper analyses the decision to allocate funds from the European Union, more particularly DG ECHO, in the field of […]
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“No Security for Ukraine or Europe without a Secure Black Sea and Mediterranean”, Bernard Siman (Egmont, Belgium)
The Mediterranean and the Black Seas should not be viewed principally as “borders” for purposes of European security, with the […]
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“The EU-Africa peace and security partnership. Political and financial stumbling blocks and a few ways forward”, Lidet Tadesse Shiferaw, Irene Paviotti (IAI, Italy)
Peace and security is an area in which the EU-Africa partnership has been particularly effective – despite the political falling […]
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“Regulating the Space and the Future of the European Space Policy. European and Romanian Contributions”, Mihaela-Adriana Pădureanu (EIR, Romania)
The paper, elaborated by Mihaela-Adriana Pădureanu (expert within the European Studies Unit), tackles the emergence and evolution of European space […]
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“Putin was convinced that it was necessary. What is the greatest danger surrounding the Russian retreat of from Kherson”, Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
It was clear that Russia’s chances of keeping the right-bank part of Ukraine were decreasing day by day, and this […]
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“The EU and Ukraine’s Public Opinion: Changing Dynamic”, Olexiy Haran, Petro Burkovskyi (IAI, Italy)
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian society and political establishment chose a different path of transformation than Russia. […]
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“Protests and Drones Push EU–Iran Relations to the Brink”, Riccardo Alcaro (IAI, Italy)
The protests that have jolted Iran’s clerical leadership over the past weeks, as well as news of Iran’s drone and missile sales to Russia, raise questions […]
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“Signs of a new world order?”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The issues of strategic choice, formation of a new world order (both political and economic), search for rational and productive […]
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“Leadership successions in Central Asia: Elite pacts, dynasties and revolutions”, Kristiina Silvan (FIIA, Finland)
Despite their shared communist past, similarities in political systems, and record of “authoritarian learning” from one another, there is significant […]
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“Xi Jinping Seeks Stability: The 20th National Congress of the CCP”, Bart Dessein, Jasper Roctus, and Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
The 2,340 odd teacups have been rearranged in their cupboards, and sobriety has returned to the Great Hall of the […]
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“End of an era: Future of Nordic security from a Finnish perspective”, Minna Ålander (NUPI, Norway)
With the full-scale attack on Ukraine, Russia crossed a red line for Finland, prompting the country to abandon its long-term […]
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“Times they are A-changin’: Africa at the Centre Stage of the new (Il) Liberal World Order”, Nina Wilén (Egmont, Belgium)
Amid a renewed Global Power competition, Africa’s abundance of natural resources, its exponential demographic development, and the current expansion of […]
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“The Russia-Ukraine War, Security in Europe and European Defence”, Alessandro Marrone et al. (IAI, Italy)
The ongoing conflict since 24 February 2022 has shown strengths and weaknesses of the two warring sides, and in light […]
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“Beyond License Plates and Crisis Management: Options for the EU for a Final Agreement on Kosovo and Serbia”, Pol Bargués et al. (CIDOB, Barcelona)
With the 15th year anniversary of Kosovo’s independence approaching in 2023, the status quo of the Kosovo–Serbia conflict looks increasingly […]
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“EU-Uganda relations: friction, change, or business as usual?”, Kristof Titeca (Egmont, Belgium)
This brief analyses the multilayered frictions in the relations between the EU and Uganda. Read more here.
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“Italian Foreign Policy and the Western Sahara: Balancing Relations with Morocco and Algeria”, Pietro Malesani (IAI, Italy)
The unresolved conflict over the Western Sahara remains an important issue for geopolitical balances in the Mediterranean, including Italian foreign […]
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“Ukraine’s Role and Place in the Future European and Euro-Atlantic Security Systems”, Mykola Sunhurovskyi and Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Russia’s all-out war against Ukraine has changed the picture of the world, substantially accelerating crisis trends in the system of […]
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“Developments in European politics”, Erik Jones and Veronica Anghel (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This book studies certain trends in recent developments in European politics to provide a solid foundation for gazing into the […]
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“Conflict in the Penta-Border Area: Benin’s Northern Jihad from the perspective of its neighbours”, Kars de Bruijne (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
Since December 2021, Benin has suffered an increasing number of armed conflicts linked to violent extremist groups. The Beninese government […]
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“Local Elections in Taiwan: The DPP’s China Card Backfires”, Jasper Roctus (Egmont, Belgium)
Since the 1990s, the Republic of China (Taiwan) has been one of Asia’s most vibrant and competitive democracies. The People’s […]
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“Shifting alliance dynamics in the Indo-Pacific: Is the Taiwan question going regional?”, Bart Gaens, Mikael Mattlin (FIIA, Finland)
Heightened tensions surrounding the Taiwan question are lending urgency to efforts to revitalise the 75-year-old US network of alliances and […]
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“The War against Ukraine and European Defence: When will we square the circle?”, Bruno Angelet (Egmont, Belgium)
After the end of the Cold War, Europe’s harvesting of the peace dividend was fed by wrong assumptions and led […]
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“Europe in the Age of Post-Truth Politics: Populism, Disinformation and the Public Sphere”, Maximilian Conrad et al. (IIA, Iceland)
This open access book is the product of three years of academic research that has been carried out in the […]
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“The antinomies of sovereigntism, statism and liberalism in European democratic responses to the COVID-19 crisis: a comparison of Britain and France”, Benoît Cyril and Hay Colin (Sciences Po, France)
This paper argues that the current COVID-19 pandemic reveals and in a sense crystallizes a series of long-standing tensions about […]
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“Vaccines as contentious connectivity in the Indo-Pacific: The case of US-China competition during the Covid-19 pandemic”, Ville Sinkkonen and Anu Ruokamo (FIIA, Finland)
This FIIA Working Paper explores the implications of contentious Covid-19 vaccine connectivity between the great powers for the future of […]
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“Cascading risks to media pluralism and a European approach to tackle them”, Elda Brogi (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This article reflects on the challenges the media systems of Europe are facing from multiple directions and the European Media […]
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“The Politics of Third Countries in EU Security and Defence: Norway, Brexit and Beyond”, Øyvind Svendsen (NUPI, Norway)
This book examines security and defence cooperation between the EU and third countries, in particular the United Kingdom and Norway. […]
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“The China-Europe Freight Train and the War in Ukraine:Triumph and Tribulations in Transcontinental Shipping”, Xiangming Chen (NUPI, Norway)
In this policy brief, Professor Xiangming Chen analyzes the China-Europe Freight Train (CEFT), the flagship Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) […]
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“Hybrid threats, vulnerable order”, Pol Bargués, Moussa Bourekba and Carme Colomina (CIDOB, Barcelona)
At a time of uncertainty and contestation of international norms, conflicts are becoming increasingly diffuse, as is the space between […]
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“Women, Gender and Peacebuilding in Africa”, Nina Wilén (Egmont, Belgium)
How are women, their roles and functions imagined in future African post-conflict societies? What are the spaces and places that […]
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“NATO looks south: priorities, strategies and instruments”, Eduard Soler i Lecha (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has changed the way the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) addresses security challenges on its […]
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“What is Europe”, Anna Triandafyllidou and Ruby Gropas (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This book explores the evolving conceptions of Europe from antiquity to the present and offers a fully updated introduction to […]
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“China’s strategic considerations for infrastructure building in the Central and Eastern European Region”, Gergely Kádár (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The following essay aims to answer whether China has any strategic consideration for infrastructure building in the Central and Eastern […]
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“Consolidating the EU-NATO partnership in countering hybrid threats in the context of the strategic adaptation process”, Oana-Mihaela Mocanu and Ana-Maria Andreea Anghelescu (EIR, Romania)
Oana-Mihaela Mocanu (director general of the European Institute of Romania) and Ana-Maria Andreea Anghelescu (expert within the European Studies Unit) […]
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“Keeping up with the emerging European Defence Union: synchronising third country participation”, Steven Blockmans (NUPI, Norway)
Years of underspending combined with off-the-shelf weapons deliveries to support the Ukrainian armed forces has confronted EU countries with a […]
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“China between lockdowns and the 20th Party Congress: What can we expect for the EU and globally?”, Jan Hoogmartens (Egmont, Belgium)
Whether it is aggressive industrial subsidies, the militarization of the South China Sea, human rights violations in Xinjiang or political […]
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“Imperial Preference”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
When the economy is globalised but decisions on policy are made in national capitals, states can choose to cooperate and […]
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“Brussels–Taipei: Changing the Game?”, Nicola Casarini (IAI, Italy)
The visit by Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, to Taiwan in August 2022 and the ensuing […]
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“A scramble of external powers and local agency in the Horn of Africa”, Aleksi Ylönen (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The Horn of Africa rarely makes international media headlines. Issues such as the Tigray conflict, extreme drought conditions and the […]
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“Keeping the OSCE Alive”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
From September to December 2022 Belgium is chairing the OSCE Forum for Security Cooperation. This Egmont Policy brief reviews the […]
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“Uncertainties and dilemmas of the European defence policy in the current international security context”, Șerban F. Cioculescu (EIR, Romania)
Șerban Filip Cioculescu, scientific researcher within the Institute for Political Studies of Defence and Military History and guest lecturer at […]
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“NATO’s Nordic enlargement and Turkey’s reservations: Trilateral Memorandum of Understanding in the context of Turkey’s wider strategic interests”, Toni Alaranta (FIIA, Finland)
With the signing of the trilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Turkey dropped its initial objection to Finland’s and Sweden’s NATO […]
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“Digital sovereignty, geopolitical imaginaries, and the reproduction of European identity”, Linda Monses and Daniel Ambach (IIR, Czech Republic)
In the article, our researcher Linda Monsees together with Daniel Lambach argue that EU digital sovereignty practices draw on geopolitical […]
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“Walking the Tightrope Towards the EU: Moldova’s Vulnerabilities Amid war in Ukraine”, Bob Deen and Wouter Zweers (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
When the Council of the European Union decided on 23 June 2022 to grant Moldova the status of EU candidate […]
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