Category: European Integration & Institutional Affairs

At the end of year 2020, the European space sector finds itself at a crossroads between challenges and opportunities. While […]

Since the creation of the EU, there have been instances in which a restricted number of member states have handled […]

This policy paper studies the role of differentiated integration in the field of energy – where an EU-level compromise is […]

Differentiation has become an established feature of European integration in the past decades, and a variety of forms of differentiated […]

Against the background of the coronavirus pandemic, there has been much discussion of a “return of the state” across two […]

The Schengen area represents a textbook example of differentiation in the European Union. Not all EU member states are part […]

Transnational networks of local authorities are an established and growing phenomenon in Europe, where they perform a number of (soft) […]

This policy brief examines the EU’s foreign, security and defence policy relations with third countries, and their relevance to the […]

The July European Council resulted in a good deal, arguably the best possible under the circumstances. It took four days […]

This EU IDEA paper engages with ideational origins and normative political theories of European differentiated integration. Specifically, it examines a […]

Five years after the entry into force of the Banking Union, this Policy Paper assesses its effectiveness as a form […]

This paper addresses the central question of the interplay between mostly informal differentiated cooperation formats in European foreign policy, and […]

Since the Great Recession started in the late 2000s, the European Union (EU) has experienced an acute crisis that has […]

This paper explores the ways in which national identities shape attitudes towards differentiated integration in two old member states, one […]