The Eurozone has faced repeated crises and has experienced profound transformations in the past years. This thematic issue seeks to […]
Read more
Category: Publications
“The unborn EU Diplomatic Academy”, Josep Maria Lloveras (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Top level education and training have acquired geopolitical importance for they are key to transmitting values and forging identities. It […]
Read more
“The EU Must Change Vocabulary on Israel-Palestine”, Michelle Pace (IAI, Italy)
Europe has long been involved in Israel-Palestine. Since the creation of Israel in 1948 and the parallel beginnings of the […]
Read more
“EU-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement”, Francesca Hartmman (Elcano, Spain)
On the 28th of June 2019, after two decades of negotiation, a historic trade agreement was struck between the European Union (EU) and the […]
Read more
“Protecting the environment during armed conflict: From principles to implementation”, Emma Hakala and Freek Van Der Vet (FIIA, Finland)
Conflict-related damage to the environment has become widespread and causes sustained harm to public health, ecosystems, and peacebuilding. The International […]
Read more
“Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet Sahel”, Cedric de Coning, Florian Krampe et al (NUPI, Norway)
The Sahel region is highly exposed to climate change, but national and local factors mean that climate change will have […]
Read more
“The Constraints on the EU Foreign and Security Policy”, Riccardo Alcaro (IAI, Italy)
The development of a cohesive foreign and security policy has always been a tall order for the European Union. The […]
Read more
“What will the EU look like post-pandemic? Ten challenges for a Europe in search of recovery”, Pol Morillas, Eduard Soler i Lecha et al. (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Crises have driven progress throughout the history of the European construction, and the past decade has brought no shortage of […]
Read more
“Re-globalisation with hiccups”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
It was once thought that globalisation would integrate everything into complex and varied supply chains, thereby avoiding the need to […]
Read more
“Abraham Accords for peace and prosperity: form the start to the future”, Amin Forghani (CERE)
A series of unprecedented peace agreements across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region brokered by the United States […]
Read more
“Political Socialisation: Out of Purgatory?”, Florence Haegel (Sciences Po CEE, France)
This paper aims to put contemporary political socialisation research in perspective. It offers a rapid overview of the crisis of […]
Read more
“Europe’s Naval Engagement in the South China Sea”, Giulio Pugliese (IAI, Italy)
The EU’s Strategy for Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific calls for a “meaningful European naval presence in the region”. What does […]
Read more
“What’s in a tweet? Twitter’s impact 2021 on public opinion and EU foreign affairs”, Lewin Schmitt (CIDOB, Barcelona)
This paper uses text mining and sentiment analysis of Twitter posts to explore the EU’s diplomatic communication practices and to […]
Read more
“New global public goods and evils”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
Although its origins go back earlier, the idea of global public, or communal, goods has sparked new interest and relevance with […]
Read more
“Recognizing ‘geoeconomic risk’: Rethinking corporate risk management for the era of great-power competition”, Christian Fjäder, Niklas Helwig and Mikael Wigell (FIIA, Finland)
As economic policy has become a key strategic means in great-power rivalry, states are attempting to control the economic networks […]
Read more
“Strengthening the resilience and adaptive capacity of societies at risk from hybrid threats”, Cedric de Coning (NUPI, Norway)
How would the civilian population of a specific country respond to significant disruptions caused by hybrid threats? This paper explores […]
Read more
“Europe in a Complex and Contested World: Perspectives from the US, China, Russia and Iran”, Giulio Pugliese (IAI, Italy)
The conference elucidated Europe’s role and positioning at a time of multipolar competition – one of JOINT’s major research assumptions […]
Read more
“A European Strategy in Libya: an Uneasy Bargain”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The capacity of the European Union to shape events constructively in southern rim Mediterranean countries has been questioned since its […]
Read more
“A Spanish perspective on the Biden Presidency and the future of transatlantic relations”, Carlota García Encina and Luis Simón (Elcano, Spain)
This analysis examines the transatlantic relationship and the potential for a strategic synergy in its three dimensions for Spain –bilateral, […]
Read more
“COVID-19 effects on peace and conflict dynamics: The need for prevention prevails”, Katariina Mustasilta (FIIA, Finland)
Armed conflicts around the world have continued largely unabated, irrespective of the global pandemic. Despite influencing conflict-affected contexts, the pandemic […]
Read more
“Russian Grand Strategy and Energy Resources: The Asian Dimension”, Jakub Godzimirski (NUPI, Norway)
This chapter addresses a set of strategically important questions about the relationship between Russian strategy and the country’s energy resources. […]
Read more
“Emerging Disruptive Technologies: The Achilles’ Heel for EU Strategic Autonomy?”, Ester Sabatino and Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
Emerging disruptive technologies (EDT) – ranging from artificial intelligence (AI), big data, autonomous systems, hypersonic weapons and robotics to name […]
Read more
“The EU and the Eastern Mediterranean: how to deal with Turkey”, Eduard Soler i Lecha (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Can a NATO ally and candidate for accession also be an adversary? EU leaders and institutions have always seen Ankara […]
Read more
“Bolsonaro steers a course through multiple crises: the Lula effect, COVID-19, a cabinet reshuffle and maintaining the trust of the armed forces”, Esther Solano and Alexandre Fuccille (Elcano, Spain)
Despite his government lurching from crisis to crisis, the Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro is showing an unexpected instinct for survival […]
Read more
Online Event: “Shaking EU solidarity in the Western Balkans: views from Albania, Kosovo and North Macedonia”, June 29
Tuesday 29 June 2021, 11:00-12:15 (CET)Panel Discussion The debate on the future of Europe has gained a new momentum due […]
Read more
“The Case for Gender Balance in Arms Control, Non-proliferation and Disarmament Negotiations”, Federica Dall’Arche (IAI, Italy)
Global efforts to eliminate weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and regulate small arms and light weapons (SALW) have gradually increased […]
Read more
“The EU Pact on Migration and Asylum in light of the United Nations Global Compact on Refugees”, Sergio Carrera and Andrew Geddes (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This book examines the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum from different multidisciplinary perspectives and world regions. The various Chapter […]
Read more
“Much Ado About Very Little? Migration-Linked Development Assistance: the Cases of Poland and Norway”, Ten Bøås, Viljar Haavik and Patryk Kugiel (NUPI, Norway)
In response to the migration management crisis that peaked in Europe in 2015-2016, the EU institutions and some European states […]
Read more
“European Works Councils in Croatia: Experiences and Opportunities for further Development”, Hrvoje Butković, Višnja Samardžija, Jakša Puljiz and Ivana Rukavina (IRMO, Croatia)
This publication is result of research activities carried out in Croatia within project ‘Improving the quality and the level of […]
Read more
“China’s soft power in the Czech Republic”, Rudolf Fürst (IIR, Czech Republic)
China’s public image in the Czech Republic has worsened significantly since the positive U-turn in Czech–Chinese political relations and signing […]
Read more
“The OSCE as Sisyphus: Mediation, Peace Operations, Human Rights”, Philip Remler (IAI, Italy)
Over the past decade, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has been returning to its origins as a Cold […]
Read more
“Water and fire at Kyrgyz-Tajik border: Ferghana Valley’s security environment could take a turn for the worse”, Kristiina Silvan (FIIA, Finland)
The latest clash between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan casts a shadow over the region’s already fragile security situation. The simmering conflict […]
Read more
“Spanish public opinion on immigration and the effect of VOX”, Carmen González Enríquez and Sebastian Rinken (Elcano, Spain)
This analysis examines Spanish public opinion on immigration in recent years based on a number of surveys, the most recent […]
Read more
“Competitive Dialogue – A tool with many uses”, Michael Burnett (EIPA, Maastricht)
Competitive Dialogue was initially conceived by the European Commission as a tool for awarding infrastructure contracts and complex service contracts […]
Read more
“The Belgian Recovery and Resilience Plan: A fresh impetus to prepare the skills of tomorrow’s workforce?”, Marcel Muraille (Egmont, Belgium)
In the context of a fast recovery, training policy is one of the labour market instruments with the most positive […]
Read more
“Women and power: from descriptive to substantive representation”, Mercedes García Montero and Cristina Rivas Pérez (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Great strides have been made over the past few decades in all representative democracies to increase women’s presence in politics […]
Read more
“The Rise of Local Politics: A Global Review. Annual Review of Political Science”, Patrick Le Galès (Sciences Po CEE, France)
Not all politics is local. Not even local politics is necessarily local. The reemergence of local politics is not comparable […]
Read more
“Dual citizenship and naturalisation : global, comparative and Austrian perspectives”, Rainer Bauböck and Max Haller (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This volume examines changes in state attitudes to dual citizenship and their social impact, zooming in from analyses of global […]
Read more
“Why do firms import via merchants in entrepôt countries rather than directly from the source”, Hege Medin (NUPI, Norway)
An increasing share of world trade happens indirectly via merchants in third countries, so-called entrepôts. This article uses an exhaustive […]
Read more
“Legal and practical challenges to the fulfilment of fundamental rights in Muslim majority states”, Vasyl Lazumirskyy (LIIA, Latvia)
Vasyl Lazumirskyy discusses the significance of sharia in the Islamic legal system and its effect on the rights of people […]
Read more
“The Post-Crisis Developmental State: perspectives from the global periphery”, Gerőcs, Tamás, Ricz, Judit (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The focus of this volume is on the role of the developmental state in a situation in which a series […]
Read more
“Possibilities for Financing Climate Adaptation Measures for Adriatic Cities and Regions in Croatia and Italy”, Ana-Maria Boromisa and Anastasya Raditya-Ležaić (IRMO, Croatia)
The handbook is intended for decision makers on the local and regional levels in the coastal area of Croatia and […]
Read more
“Exploring neoliberal resilience”, Daniel Šitera (IIR, Czech Republic)
Why is neoliberalism still ruling the Czech economic thinking and economic policies, while it has been challenged in Poland, Hungary, […]
Read more
“A Progressive Manifesto for a European Democracy”, Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation (IEP, Germany)
As a contribution to the Conference on the Future of Europe, the “Progressive Manifesto for a European Democracy” will be presented […]
Read more
“Economy and culture: two tracks for China’s soft power in Italy”, Lorenzo Mariani and Francesca Ghiretti (IAI, Italy)
is chapter seeks to illustrate the modalities through which Chinese soft power has been developing in Italy. It demonstrates how […]
Read more
“The geostrategic interests of external actors in Myanmar: A struggle for influence in a country in turmoil”, Bart Gaens & Olli Ruohomäki (FIIA, Finland)
Countries with geostrategic stakes in Myanmar have reacted in different ways to the military coup of 1 February 2021 and […]
Read more
“The fall and stagnation of the global middle class”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
A great revolution of recent decades has been the powerful emergence of a significant global middle class. Among the destructive effects […]
Read more
“Competitive Dialogue – How to make best use of the dialogue phase”, Michael Burnett (EIPA, Maastricht)
In Directive 2014/24/EU– the latest EU Public Procurement Directive – Competitive Dialogue was made easier to justify than in the […]
Read more
“Belgium: a pandemic between two political crises”, Benjamin Bodson (Egmont, Belgium)
To better understand how the pandemic has so far affected Europe’s democracies, the European Policy Institutes Network (EPIN) has analysed […]
Read more
“Enhancing economic cooperation between EU and Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Offshoring, which had its heyday a decade ago, consists in moving the production of parts of the value chain to […]
Read more
“Italy and Africa: “Value Oriented Diplomacy” in Action”, Fabrizio Lobasso (IAI, Italy)
The “Partnership with Africa” outlines present and future scenarios for the African continent and the role Italy can play in […]
Read more
“China’s Digital Silk Road in Latin America and the Caribbean”, Raquel Jorge-Ricart (Elcano, Spain)
China, through its Digital Silk Road (or DSR) aims to helping middle-income and developing countries to bridge the digital gap. […]
Read more
“Will only a Green Power remain a Great Power?”, Marie Dejonghe (Egmont, Belgium)
When the coronavirus broke out in 2020 the whole world literally came to a pause. The pandemic overshadowed all other […]
Read more
“Post-truth and alternative facts in Turkey’s policy concerning Greek-Turkish relations”, Virginia Balafouta (CEIA, Cyprus)
In the current paper, it is argued that Turkey’s policy on Greek-Turkish issues, over time and during Erdoğan’s rule, includes […]
Read more
“Culture and Policy-Making: Pluralism, Performativity, and Semiotic Capital”, Marco Cremaschi et al. (Sciences Po CEE, France)
This book advances the understanding and modelling of sense-making and cultural processes as being crucial to the scientific study of […]
Read more
“The EU’s New Agenda for its Southern Neighbourhood: The Case for a Green and Inclusive Review”, Eduard Soler i Lecha and Daniela Huber (IAI, Italy)
The European Union (EU) has come out with a new agenda for the southern neighbourhood, reflecting a changing environment in […]
Read more
“COVID-19: lockdowns, recession and…a new stock market bubble?”, Rossella Leali (Elcano, Spain)
2020 has been a year marked by the outbreak of COVID-19, lockdowns and a deep recession in the world’s economy. Yet, […]
Read more
“Enhancing the Effectiveness of the G5 Sahel Force by Strengthening Strategic Coherence and International Support”, John Karlsrud and Cedric de Coning (NUPI, Norway)
At the UN Security Council and in other forums in Africa and Europe diplomats are considering how to increase international […]
Read more
“Bohemian Forest Dark Tales: The Czech Republic, Russia’s Dirty War Machine and Western Solidarity”, Ondřej Ditrych (IIR, Czech Republic)
In the light of the Czech-Russian diplomatic tit-for-tat, Ondřej Ditrych, the director of the IIR, argues in his latest commentary […]
Read more
“Solidarity during COVID-19 at national, regional and global levels: An enabler for improved global pandemic security and governance”, Mika Aaltola et al. (FIIA, Finland)
Solidarity entered the COVID-19 political rhetoric immediately after the belated pandemic declaration in March 2020. Since then, it has been […]
Read more
“Re-synchronising Infrastructure Investment and Sustainable Development: Priorities for Italy’s G20 Presidency”, Nicolas J.A. Buchoud (IAI, Italy)
The 2 trillion US dollars infrastructure plan unveiled in the United States in mid-April 2021 is just one among many […]
Read more
“Waiving vaccine patents?”, Enrique Feás and Federico Steinberg (Elcano, Spain)
These extraordinary times and circumstances call for extraordinary measures’: with this statement, the US Trade Representative announced her support for […]
Read more
“Transparency in EU trade policy: a comprehensive assessment of current achievement”, Guillaume Van der Loo and Axel Marx (Egmont, Belgium)
The EU trade policy is increasingly confronted with demands for more transparency. This article aims to investigate how transparency takes […]
Read more
“Scotland’s Elections and the Fragmenting UK: Where Next?”, Dr Kirsty Hughes (The Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Dr Kirsty Hughes analyses the implications of the Scottish elections and discusses where Scotland’s politics may go next. She argues […]
Read more
“Reviewing Jihadist Governance in the Sahel”, Natasja Rupesinghe, Mikael Hiberg Naghizadeh and Corentin Cohen (NUPI, Norway)
The ways in which jihadist insurgents in the Sahel govern is rarely considered in the academic literature. They have often […]
Read more
“New Models in Theory-Practice Exchange: The Case of EU Support for Resilience in the Neighborhood”, Riccardo Alcaro and Daniela Huber (IAI, Italy)
In a world of increasingly complex challenges, greater engagement between scholars and practitioners presents both sides with a significant opportunity […]
Read more
“If Le Pen wins”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
Far from being a fanciful notion, there is a serious possibility that Marine Le Pen could win the presidential election in France […]
Read more
“The Rise of the New Network Industries: Regulating Digital Platforms”, Juan Montero and Matthias Finger (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
The authors examine how digitalization affects infrastructures in telecommunications, transport, and energy. It argues that digital platforms strongly interfere with […]
Read more
“Member States and EU agreements: Is it really national parliaments that are standing in the way of EU strategic autonomy?”, Wolfgang Koeth (EIPA, Maastricht)
In voicing their ambition for a ‘stronger Europe in the world’ the European Commission has indicated to strive for ‘Open […]
Read more
“Ten challenges for a Europe in search of recovery”, Pol Morillas (CIDOB, Barcelona)
Crises have driven progress throughout the history of the European construction, and the past decade has brought no shortage of […]
Read more
“Libya as a Transatlantic Litmus Test for European Strategic Autonomy”, Silvia Colombo and Dario Cristiani (IAI, Italy)
The swearing in of Libya’s Government of National Unity (GNU) on 15 March 2021 represented a crucial moment in the […]
Read more
“Foresight in the EU: are we building citizen trust?”, Raquel Jorge-Ricart (Elcano, Spain)
May 2021 has arrived loaded with news in the European Union’s endeavor to respond to the great tectonic plates which […]
Read more
“The EU’s new trade strategy: Gearing up for competition over values”, Okko-Pekka Salmimies and Saila Turtiainen (FIIA, Finland)
The EU’s new trade strategy instrumentalizes trade policy more forcefully in order to promote EU values such as democracy and […]
Read more
“The EU and China: sanctions, signals, and interests”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
Sanctions are much easier to use against your allies than against your enemies. A friend will want to stay in […]
Read more
“Restructuring state power in Sudan”, Andrew E. Yaw Tchie (NUPI, Norway)
Developing post-conflict economic policies in Sudan remains a significant challenge for the Sudanese transitional government and the international community. This […]
Read more
“From the Ukraine–Russia War to the Navalny Case: How to Deal with the Kremlin?”, Nona Mikhelidze (IAI, Italy)
Seven years after the annexation of Crimea and amid an ongoing war in Ukraine, Russia has tried to move towards […]
Read more
“Berlin’s choice: how Spain triggered a rethink in German European policy”, Roderick Parkes and Julian Rappold (Elcano, Spain)
German policymakers are worried about the upcoming election in France, that is: Emmanuel Macron is facing a battle for re-election […]
Read more
“Measuring Legislative Activity during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Introducing the ParlAct and ParlTech Indexes”, Ittai Bar-Siman-Tov et al. (Sciences Po CEE, France)
This research note introduces two novel indexes designed to measure legislative activity (ParlAct) and use of digital devices to maintain […]
Read more
“Strategic autonomy and the transformation of the EU: New agendas for security, diplomacy, trade and technology”, Niklas Helwig, Elina Sinkkonen and Ville Sinkkonen (FIIA, Finland)
The EU is caught up in a debate over whether to increase its autonomy with regard to the wider world. […]
Read more
“Exploring neoliberal resilience: the transnational politics of austerity in Czechia”, Daniel Šitera (IIR, Czech Republic)
The 2008 economic crisis undermined faith in the neoliberal order of the world economy. Yet, the Czech attitude towards neoliberalism […]
Read more
“The Belt and Road Initiative in Italy: The Ports of Genoa and Trieste”, Francesca Ghiretti (IAI, Italy)
In March 2019, Italy signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in support of […]
Read more
“Can the Conference on the Future of Europe prevent another #SofaGate?”, Ilke Toygür (Elcano, Spain)
There are two main interlinked conundrums when defining the reasons underlying the lack of coherent policymaking in view of an […]
Read more
“The Conference on the Future of Europe has its wings clipped”, Héctor Sánchez Margalef (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The European Union has not found the way to bridge the gap between the desire to encourage greater citizen participation […]
Read more
“The Pandemic as a Litmus Test for (Dis)Engagement of External Powers in Central Asia”, Roman Vakulchuk & Farrukh Irnazarov (NUPI, Norway)
This study provides an empirical overview of pandemic-related external assistance to the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and […]
Read more
“European Foreign Policy in times of COVID-19, a conversation with HRVP Josep Borrell organised by Groupe d’études géopolitiques”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
A Conversation with High Representative for the EU Josep Borrell, Kishore Mahbubani, Adam Tooze, Nicoletta Pirozzi, Monika Sie Dhian Ho […]
Read more
“China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Italy: An Analysis of Financial Cooperation”, Nicola Bilotta (IAI, Italy)
Financial cooperation is essential to boosting bilateral economic ties, providing firms with more effective instruments to operate in foreign markets. […]
Read more
“China’s Soft Power in Europe. Falling on Hard Times”, edited by Ties Dams, Xiaoxue Martin and Vera Kranenburg, (Elcano, Spain)
The sixth edition of the ETNC report examines China’s efforts to enhance its soft power across Europe and their implications. Based on […]
Read more
“A European giant little known in the UK”, Jaap Hoeksma (The Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Jaap Hoeksma argues that the discrepancy between the Brexiteer’s portrayal of the EU as the ultimate dictatorship and the EU’s […]
Read more
“Stepping away from the abyss: a gradual approach towards a new security system in the Persian Gulf”, Luigi Narbone and Abdolrasool Divsallar (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
The Persian Gulf region is in dire need of a functional regional security system capable of managing risks, facilitating dialogue […]
Read more
“Europe–Africa Connectivity Outlook 2021: Post-COVID-19 Challenges and Strategic Opportunities”, Michaël Tanchum (IAI, Italy)
The European Union stands at a critical junction in the international scramble to establish Europe–Africa commercial corridors. Morocco, Algeria and […]
Read more
“From Afghanistan to China: the pathology of victory”, Andrés Ortega (Elcano, Spain)
On September 11 this year the longest war ever waged by the US will come to an end, in a […]
Read more
“Crying wolf will not help Taiwan”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
It is a strange spectacle. The president of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen, speaks out to “assure everyone that our government is […]
Read more
“China and Central Europe: cooperation in difficult times during the COVID-19 outbreak”, Rudolf Fürst (IIR, Czech Republic)
The comparative case study traces the V4 states’ relations with China since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe […]
Read more
“Discovering Opportunities in the Pandemic? Four Economic Response Scenarios for Central Asia”, Roman Vakulchuk and Farrukh Irnazarov (NUPI, Norway)
The COVID-19 crisis represents not only an unprecedented economic disruption but also an opportunity for Central Asia. A specific economic […]
Read more
“The Transatlantic Dimension of Europe’s Nuclear Diplomacy with Iran: 2003–21”, Riccardo Alcaro (IAI, Italy)
European nuclear diplomacy with Iran has always had a transatlantic dimension at its core. Facilitating US–Iranian engagement is instrumental to […]
Read more
“Biden’s first 100 days: a more European US; should Europe now become more American?”, Miguel Otero-Iglesias and Federico Steinberg (Elcano, Spain)
The US President, Joe Biden, has completed his first 100 days in the White House with economic policies that have […]
Read more
“The EU’s New Agenda for its Southern Neighborhood: The Case for a Green and Inclusive Review”, Eduard Soler i Lecha and Daniela Huber (CIDOB, Barcelona)
The European Union (EU) has come out with a new agenda for the southern neighborhood, reflecting a changing environment in […]
Read more
“Secondary sanctions and multilateralism – the way ahead”, Jean De Ruyt (Egmont, Belgium)
The sensitive issue of American ‘secondary sanctions’ imposed on its allies generated serious tensions in the transatlantic relationship when the […]
Read more
“Reputation crisis management and the state: Theorising containment as diplomatic mode”, Kristin M. Haugevik and Cecilie B. Neumann (NUPI, Norway)
This article theorises containment as a diplomatic response mode for states when faced with potentially harmful attacks on their international […]
Read more
“Green Deal Watch, No. 4”, Margherita Bianchi, Lorenzo Colantoni, Luca Franza (IAI, Italy)
This Green Deal Watch presents a general analytical Foreword, followed by the in-depth monitoring of Green Deal activities, divided according […]
Read more