Europe is in the midst of a profound and complex energy crisis. This is not limited to the gas sector […]
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Category: Publications
“Strategic Tech Cooperation between the EU and India”, Maaike Okano-Heijmans and Vera Kranenburg (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
In an era of multipolarity, India – expected to become the world’s most populous nation soon – will be a […]
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“Resistance versus dissidence in China”, Seán Golden (CIDOB, Spain)
Western observers run the risk of failing to notice things that are happening in Chinese society because they are looking […]
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“Visit Taiwan!”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
These days, one very specific type of tourist does descend on Taiwan in droves: the political tourist. For many politicians […]
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“Lessons from EU Space Programmes for Collective Defence”, Ediz Topcuoglu and Salih Bora (College of Europe, Bruges)
The European Defence Fund (EDF) has been interpreted by a number of scholars as a step beyond intergovernmental cooperation and […]
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“Towards European “Smart Communities”? EU’s Energy Preoccupations and the Lesson of Post-Fukushima Japan”, Marco Zappa (IAI, Italy)
While Japan notoriously suffers from a structural lack of primary energy sources while being prone to natural disasters, it has […]
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“The global political economics of hydrogen”, John Szabó (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The role of hydrogen in the global energy system increased over the course of the twenty-first century as global society […]
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“EU Foreign Policy Integration at Times of War: From Short-Term Responses to Long-Term Solutions”, Maria Giulia Amadio Viceré (IAI, Italy)
The outbreak of Russia’s war against Ukraine triggered not only a paradigmatic change in the system of international relations, putting […]
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“Measuring Good Migration Governance with an Indicator Approach”, Francesco Pasetti and Elaine Lebon-McGregor (CIDOB, Spain)
The AdMiGov indicators offer policy makers, academics, and other interested stakeholders an innovative and evidence-based tool to measure and assess […]
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“The State of Economic Convergence in the Eurozone”, Adriaan Schout (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
What is the state of economic convergence in the euro area? And will the redefinition of the Stability and Growth […]
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“Latvian Foreign and Security Policy. Yearbook 2022”, Sintija Broka and Andris Spruds (LIIA, Latvia)
The Latvian Foreign and Security Policy Yearbook 2022 aims to examine and evaluate various spheres of Latvia’s foreign and security […]
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“Rethinking the EU’s Eastern Enlargement and Neighborhood Policy”, Stefan Meister, Milan Nič, Iskra Kirova & Steven Blockmans (DGAP, Germany)
The stagnating EU accession process needs political will and procedural changes allowing eastern candidates to advance. In the meantime, they […]
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“Biden’s National Security Strategy: Three Important Truths for Europe”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
Academics love analysing documents – indeed, we often over-analyse them. For a security analyst, a National Security Strategy is the […]
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“The winner takes it all? Who benefits from China’s increasing presence in Francophone Africa?”, Ágnes Szunomár, Gergely Buda (IWE CERS, Hungary)
In this paper we explore whether China’s presence in Francophone Africa is to the detriment or the benefit of the […]
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“The Interaction of Competition Law and Sector Regulation”, Pier Luigi Parcu, Giorgio Monti and Marco Botta (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
This book discusses the interaction of sector-specific regulation and competition policy. Read more here.
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“What Foreign Policy for Meloni’s Italy?”, Federico Castiglioni, Etienne Soula (IAI, Italy)
After a snap election on 25 September, Giorgia Meloni’s far-right Brothers of Italy party (Fratelli d’Italia – FdI) emerged as the […]
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WATCH: “EU-Russia Relations – Special Talk with Heidi Hautala MEP” | EuropeChats Episode 15
This episode of EuropeChats is a special talk between Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-President of the European Parliament, and Jim Cloos […]
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“The EU and Ukraine: Strategy and Morality: The 20th National Congress of the CCP”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
The EU has surprised everybody, not least itself, with its strong response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Yet as the […]
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“Navigating geoeconomic risks: Towards an international business risk and resilience monitor”, Mikael Wigell et al. (FIIA, Finland)
Geoeconomics – the pursuit by states of power politics using economic means – is the new reality in which European […]
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“Europeanisation of Norwegian security and defence policy. Nordic cooperation as vehicle”, Pernille Rieker (NUPI, Norway)
With Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, European security has been placed on high alert, highlighting the importance of both the EU […]
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“The External Dimension of the Green Deal, between Cooperation and Competition”, Pier Paolo Raimondi et al. (IAI, Italy)
Over the past years, climate has gained a general consensus globally. Several actors, notably the European Union, the USA and […]
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“Two pending questions about Belarus. Will Lukashenka order to attack Ukraine?”, Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
What signs can make us think that the threat for Ukraine is imminent. There are two pending questions for us, […]
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“New Rules of Fashion: “We Must Forget Everything That We Know about the Industry”, Emese Dobos (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Emerging Fashion Capitals, Sustainability, and Female Leadership: A Roundtable Discussion was presented in collaboration with the Hungarian Fashion & Design […]
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“Oil for $30 per barrel: repulsion of the Russian aggression and development of the world economy”, Maksym Bielawski (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Time has come to squeeze the tyrant’s throat with minimum oil prices and maximum restrictions on its sale. The President […]
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“European Defence: The Full Package”, Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
As EU Member States are increasing defence spending and strengthening their armed forces, the role of the EU institutions is […]
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“Nordic security and defence brand revisited: The unutilised potential of Nordic cooperation”, Iro Särkkä (FIIA, Finland)
Finland’s and Sweden’s NATO membership offers an opportunity to deepen Nordic defence cooperation. An agile and pragmatic approach to consolidating […]
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“European Union energy policy at a time of crisis”, John Szabó (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Thoroughly updated, this extensive reference source provides in-depth information on all matters relating to the European Union (EU): EU energy […]
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“Italy’s Renewed Interest in the Horn of Africa”, Elio Calcagno, Silvia Strangis (IAI, Italy)
On 12 June 2022, a bilateral meeting between Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and Somalian President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud […]
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“The instrumentalization of migration: A geopolitical perspective and toolbox”, Monika Sie Dhian Ho and Myrthe Wijnkoop (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
As armies and weapons cross borders, geopolitics re-enters the western mindset. With his full-scale invasion of Ukraine President Putin attempts […]
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“Boosting Euro-Mediterranean urban climate action”, Ricardo Martinez and Alicia Perez-Porro (CIDOB, Spain)
Warming 20% faster than the global average, the Mediterranean region is a hotspot of the climate emergency. If untamed, this […]
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“Risks of losing US support? Minimal”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The headlines this week are, of course, about the results of the midterm elections in the USA, and with that […]
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“Russia’s War on Ukraine: Two Inconvenient Truths for the EU”, Zachary Paikin (IAI, Italy)
Following a spectacular counteroffensive and the retaking of Kherson, the war in Europe’s east has moved into a new phase. […]
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“The Chernobyl Effect: Antinuclear Protests and the Molding of Polish Democracy, 1986–1990”, Kacper Szulecki (NUPI, Norway)
The 1986 Chernobyl catastrophe was not only a human and ecological disaster, but also a political-ideological one, severely discrediting Soviet […]
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“The Chinese model of development: A special variety of East Asian development paths to avoid the middle-income trap?”, Ágnes Szunomár, Tamás Peragovics (IWE CERS, Hungary)
Over the past couple of years, China has made formidable efforts to shift to new sources of economic growth, modernise […]
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“Digital resilience beyond data localisation: National approaches to global challenges”, Markus Holmgren (FIIA, Finland)
Data localisation is often suggested as a solution to global challenges stemming from the increasing dependence of societies on data […]
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“Why can’t the Brits Do Federalism?”, David Melding (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Former member of the National Assembly for Wales David Melding discusses federalism in the British context and argues that unionists […]
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“Refining the EU’s Geoeconomic Approach to Trade Policy”, Sjorre Couvreur (Egmont, Belgium)
Boosting economic security in face of war, geopolitical upheaval, and other global crises has become a paramount priority for both […]
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“How to use exchange rate fluctuations”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Now, as the US dollar rises against almost all currencies, the scenarios of economies of many countries falling into depression […]
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“The Flattening of the World: The Crisis of Culture and the Empire of Norms”, Olivier Roy (RSCAS-EUI, Italy)
The book analyses how the extension of individual freedom since the Sixties led to a paradoxical extension of normative system. […]
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“Regionalizing Democracy in the United Kingdom – The Case for an Upper House of the Nations and Regions”, Andrew Black and Sam Whimster (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Andrew Black and Sam Whimster make the case for reforming the House of Lords into an Upper House representing the […]
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“Demographic decline of Croatia: What is to be done?”, Senada Šelo Šabić (ÖGFE, Austria)
Croatia has been steadily losing its population in the course of the last three decades. Demographic decline is partly a […]
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“Beyond License Plates and Crisis Management: Options for the EU for a Final Agreement on Kosovo and Serbia”, Pol Bargués et al. (IAI, Italy)
With the 15th year anniversary of Kosovo’s independence approaching in 2023, the status quo of the Kosovo–Serbia conflict looks increasingly […]
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“Operation “Caucasian Oil”, or Unprecedented Ruscist Crimes”, Maksym Bielawski (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Within less than a month, Russia carried out more than 100 targeted attacks on critical facilities of the Ukrainian energy […]
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“A Holistic Vision of Remittances will help regulators and the private sector alike”, Maria Gargano (Egmont, Belgium)
The money that migrants send back home concerns everyone. Remittances have an impact on the GDP of the countries the […]
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“Germany and the Ukraine War: Zeitenwende with the brakes on”, René Cuperus and Luuk Molthof (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
More than most Western European countries, Germany appears especially affected by the Ukraine war. Faced with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, […]
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“International Cooperation in the Arctic 2035 – The Four Scenarios”, Roman Vakulchuk (NUPI, Norway)
The Arctic has always fascinated people; its history, its present, and its future. The future of the Arctic has increasingly […]
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“The implications of global multi-crises for EU-Africa relations in the food security domain”, Fabrizio Botti (IAI, Italy)
Although food insecurity had been worsening in Africa well before Russia´s invasion of Ukraine, the war is triggering more attention […]
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“Tunisian economy in free fall”, Francis Ghilès (CIDOB, Spain)
Tunisia’s economy is falling off and the country has become less attractive to foreign investors. Despite the agreement reached in […]
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“The Vulnerability of Women in the Labour Market in Serbia”, Svetlana Stefanović, Maša Vračar (ÖGFE, Austria)
The European Union is a global leader in promoting gender equality and emphasises the importance of empowerment of women also […]
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“Foreign Fighters and Radical Influencers – Radical Milieus in the Postwar Balkans”, Asya Metodieva (IIR, Czech Republic)
In her new book published by Routledge, our researcher Asya Metodieva looks at Salafi influencers and foreign fighters in the […]
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“Transitioning towards energy security beyond EU borders: why, where and how?”, Giulia Cretti, Akash Ramnath, and Louise van Schaik (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The EU aims to promote the green energy transition both at home and abroad. A proactive green energy diplomacy could […]
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“Why Belgium Needs a Cyber Command”, Alexander Mattelaer (Egmont, Belgium)
This Egmont Policy Brief outlines the growing importance of developing cyber defence capabilities, discusses the organisational set-up for this Cyber […]
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“On household resources II”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Households always tend to save money, especially at a time of war and great losses. Today, it should be admitted […]
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“The Defence Policy of Giorgia Meloni’s Government: A Traditional Posture with a Conservative Tinge”, Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
From a long-term perspective, Italian policies on defence and international security look pretty stable when looking at their basics along […]
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“Poland’s belated energy transition: now or never”, Kacper Szulecki (NUPI, Norway)
The Polish authorities were for years playing down the need for decarbonization, seeing it as a threat to domestic energy […]
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“Xi Jinping’s “Common Destiny for Mankind””, Seán Golden (CIDOB, Spain)
As expected, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China confirmed Xi Jinping’s third consecutive mandate as General Secretary, […]
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“The Bimonthly Review”, Lizaveta Dubinka-Hushcha (LIIA, Latvia)
The Bimonthly Review (July-September 2022) discusses the latest political, economic, political, social and security developments in Belarus and in respect to the EU, […]
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“Europe’s lack of leadership: Is it the smaller states’ time to shine?”, Minna Ålander (FIIA, Finland)
Russia’s war in Ukraine has raised questions about who is fit to lead Europe. While it is too early to […]
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“The EU as an (In)Significant Player in Libya”, Jesutimilehin O. Akamo, Aude Thomas (IAI, Italy)
Factors that limit the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the Libyan peace process can be categorised into three streams: damage control […]
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“Role of RES for manoeuvrability of Ukraine’s energy sector in wartime”, Maksym Bielawski (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Renewable energy sources (RES) now play a key role for the EU energy system security ← the Dutch and German […]
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“Europe and America don’t see eye to eye on economic security: How to avoid fragmentation”, Tobias Gehrke (Egmont, Belgium)
Boosting economic security in face of war, geopolitical upheaval, and other global crises has become a paramount priority for both […]
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“Policing the police: The EU’s struggle to strengthen the Libyan security sector”, Matteo Colombo and Nienke van Heukelingen (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
More than ten years after the ousting of Gaddafi, the Libyan police under the Ministry of Interior are still struggling […]
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“The outlook for the Middle East Peace Process: Stuck in a one-state reality, and you can’t get out of it”, Timo R. Stewart (FIIA, Finland)
Although there is international consensus on the desired outcome of the Middle East Peace Process (MEPP) – namely Israeli-Palestinian talks […]
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“Euro–Mediterranean Economic Cooperation in the Age of Deglobalisation”, Fabrizio Botti (IAI, Italy)
The pandemic crisis and the war in Ukraine, with its far-reaching geopolitical implications, have shown substantial vulnerabilities in many global […]
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“Russia: living in a “negative reality”, Mykhailo Mishchenko (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
Presumably, people always strive for a better life. All political ideologies since the American and French revolutions have emphasised the […]
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“Nuclear rhetoric escalation and risks of miscalculation in Ukraine”, Agnieszka Nimark (CIDOB, Spain)
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has exposed how close a nuclear escalation, or a nuclear war can be. While the majority […]
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“Video: What Do the US Midterms Mean for Brexit”, John Stevens (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Our Chairman John Stevens and Director Brendan Donnelly discuss the impact of American politics on Brexit, both historically and in the future. The present […]
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“Donors, implementing agencies and DFI/PDB cooperation. The case of Italy: MAECI, AICS and CDP”, Fabrizio Botti (IAI, Italy)
There are three main actors in the Italian development cooperation system: (i) the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation […]
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“Listening to the people: How the Green Agenda Action Plan can do better for the Western Balkans”, Melika Mahmutović (ÖGFE, Austria)
Extending the objectives of the European Green Deal to the Western Balkans is an important step for environmental protection in […]
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“The EU’s humanitarian aid policy in the post-Lisbon context: an analysis of the decision-making process towards the Palestinian and Ukrainian crises 2010-2021”, Alexandre Piron (College of Europe, Bruges)
This paper analyses the decision to allocate funds from the European Union, more particularly DG ECHO, in the field of […]
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“The Dutch vision and strategy on Global Health in times of multiple crises”, Remco van de Pas and Louise van Schaik (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
Last month, the first-ever Dutch Global Health Strategy (DGHS) was released. Developed jointly by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and Ministry of Health (MoH), […]
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“Exploring the Meaning of Borders in an Interconnected World”, Amanda Ribichini (IAI, Italy)
The word “border” carries much complexity. It encompasses many facets of the human condition, from purely geographical locations to intangible […]
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“Net-zero or phase out? Stakeholder views on just transitions pathways for oil and gas in Norway”, Kacper Szulecki (NUPI, Norway)
In this report, we document how policy makers and representatives of businesses and civil society organisations (including trade unions and […]
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“A feminist US foreign policy by another name: Biden administration foregrounds equity and diversity”, Rachel Tausendfreund (FIIA, Finland)
The Biden administration is not talking about a feminist foreign policy, nor are most US progressive foreign policy analysts. Nonetheless, […]
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“Self-assessment of well-being: better than expected”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
It is not surprising that in wartime the welfare of households suffers a noticeable deterioration. However, due to the lack […]
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“How to Reconcile Borders with the Promotion of a More Open, Integrated and Democratic World?”, Simone Martuscelli (IAI, Italy)
The European experiment has embraced the path towards an architecture capable of giving sovereignty to EU institutions on issues of […]
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“No Security for Ukraine or Europe without a Secure Black Sea and Mediterranean”, Bernard Siman (Egmont, Belgium)
The Mediterranean and the Black Seas should not be viewed principally as “borders” for purposes of European security, with the […]
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“What can we expect from the 2023 presidential and parliamentary elections in Turkey?”, Pelin Ayan Musil (IIR, Czech Republic)
Turkey’s next presidential and parliamentary elections are scheduled for 18 June 2023. These elections constitute a critical juncture for Turkey’s […]
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“The EU-Africa peace and security partnership. Political and financial stumbling blocks and a few ways forward”, Lidet Tadesse Shiferaw, Irene Paviotti (IAI, Italy)
Peace and security is an area in which the EU-Africa partnership has been particularly effective – despite the political falling […]
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“Regulating the Space and the Future of the European Space Policy. European and Romanian Contributions”, Mihaela-Adriana Pădureanu (EIR, Romania)
The paper, elaborated by Mihaela-Adriana Pădureanu (expert within the European Studies Unit), tackles the emergence and evolution of European space […]
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“Putin was convinced that it was necessary. What is the greatest danger surrounding the Russian retreat of from Kherson”, Oleksiy Melnyk (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
It was clear that Russia’s chances of keeping the right-bank part of Ukraine were decreasing day by day, and this […]
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“The EU and Ukraine’s Public Opinion: Changing Dynamic”, Olexiy Haran, Petro Burkovskyi (IAI, Italy)
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian society and political establishment chose a different path of transformation than Russia. […]
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“Realising the EU Rapid Deployment Capacity: opportunities and pitfalls”, Dick Zandee and Adája Stoetman (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
When the European Union’s Strategic Compass had almost been completed in late February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. Consequently, the language […]
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“Norway needs energy and security policy coherence”, Kacper Szulecki (NUPI, Norway)
Prior to 2022, Norwegian policymakers have hardly considered coherence between energy and security, and the few coordinating elements in place […]
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“Changing Landscapes but Ingrained Power Relations? The Green Promise of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the (Un)sustainability of the Fashion Industry, and theCentral-Eastern European Production Background”, Emese Dobos (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The COVID-19 pandemic turned the spotlight on the inequalities and the vulnerability of the global supply chains. It showed the […]
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“Protests and Drones Push EU–Iran Relations to the Brink”, Riccardo Alcaro (IAI, Italy)
The protests that have jolted Iran’s clerical leadership over the past weeks, as well as news of Iran’s drone and missile sales to Russia, raise questions […]
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“Signs of a new world order?”, Vasyl Yurchyshyn (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
The issues of strategic choice, formation of a new world order (both political and economic), search for rational and productive […]
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“Leadership successions in Central Asia: Elite pacts, dynasties and revolutions”, Kristiina Silvan (FIIA, Finland)
Despite their shared communist past, similarities in political systems, and record of “authoritarian learning” from one another, there is significant […]
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“A Berlin Process for the energy Clingendael Alert security of the Western Balkans”, Giulia Cretti, Dr Ardita Abazi Imeri, Stefan Ristovski (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The European Parliament and Council are in the final stages of negotiating the so-called Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), a […]
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“Video: Stalemate in Northern Ireland”, Geoffrey Martin (Federal Trust, United Kingdom)
Former head of the European Commission office in Belfast, Geoff Martin, discusses recent developments in Northern Ireland with our Chairman John […]
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“Gains and pitfalls of coalitions: Societal resources as sources of trade union power in Croatia and Poland”, Hrvoje Butković et al. (IRMO, Croatia)
Hrvoje Butković from IRMO together with Jan Czarzasty (Warsaw School of Economics) and Adam Mrozowicki (University of Wrocław) published this […]
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“Xi Jinping Seeks Stability: The 20th National Congress of the CCP”, Bart Dessein, Jasper Roctus, and Sven Biscop (Egmont, Belgium)
The 2,340 odd teacups have been rearranged in their cupboards, and sobriety has returned to the Great Hall of the […]
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“The dependent Industry 4.0 development path of the Visegrád countries”, Andrea Éltető, Magdolna Sass, Marta Götz (IWE CERS, Hungary)
The dependency of the Visegrád countries on foreign direct investment has been emphasized in the typologies of capitalist models. Today, […]
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“Italians and Defence at the Time of the Ukraine War: Winds of Change”, Alessandro Marrone (IAI, Italy)
In 2022, Italians have become more concerned about tensions between Russia and the West – but not more pro-American. They […]
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“What does blackout mean, and how to prevent it? Key risks for Ukraine this winter”, Maksym Bielawski (Razumkov Centre, Ukraine)
A blackout means complete loss of controllability of the power system, when dispatcher commands or physical switching of equipment do […]
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“End of an era: Future of Nordic security from a Finnish perspective”, Minna Ålander (NUPI, Norway)
With the full-scale attack on Ukraine, Russia crossed a red line for Finland, prompting the country to abandon its long-term […]
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“Times they are A-changin’: Africa at the Centre Stage of the new (Il) Liberal World Order”, Nina Wilén (Egmont, Belgium)
Amid a renewed Global Power competition, Africa’s abundance of natural resources, its exponential demographic development, and the current expansion of […]
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“Positively curious: the Dutch Clingendael Alert position on the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)”, Giulia Cretti, Louise van Schaik, and Douwe van der Meer (Clingendael Institute, The Netherlands)
The European Parliament and Council are in the final stages of negotiating the so-called Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), a […]
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“The Russia-Ukraine War, Security in Europe and European Defence”, Alessandro Marrone et al. (IAI, Italy)
The ongoing conflict since 24 February 2022 has shown strengths and weaknesses of the two warring sides, and in light […]
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“Beyond License Plates and Crisis Management: Options for the EU for a Final Agreement on Kosovo and Serbia”, Pol Bargués et al. (CIDOB, Spain)
With the 15th year anniversary of Kosovo’s independence approaching in 2023, the status quo of the Kosovo–Serbia conflict looks increasingly […]
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