This Special Issue presents an overview of how and why European Union (EU) foreign policy is contested. Particular attention is given to the EU’s inside and outside environment in triggering contestation, as well as to the intergovernmental and supranational dynamics at play. By focusing notably on the contestation regarding the EU’s role in nuclear non-proliferation, migration or trade, but also contestation of its geopolitical standing, the authors highlight considerable variation in contestation causes, modes and effects across as well as within foreign policy clusters.
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