The long-awaited Integrated Review was released in March by the British government, promising the most radical shakeup in the UK’s […]
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Tag: cyber security
“Coercion and Cyberspace”, Miguel Alberto Gómez (Elcano, Spain)
This ARI provides an overview of factors crucial in our understanding of coercive cyber operations as the exercise of power […]
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“Democracy’s Eleventh Hour: Safeguarding democratic elections against cyber-enabled autocratic meddling”, November 2017, Mika Aaltola (FIIA, Finland)
Recent elections in the US, France and Germany indicate an emerging practice whereby autocracies meddle in democratic elections by hacking […]
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“The “combination”: an instrument in Russia’s information war in Catalonia, Mira Milosevich-Juaristi, (Elcano Institute)
During the independence referendum in Catalonia, Russia used the ‘combination’ (kombinaciya), an operation can integrate instruments such as cyber warfare, […]
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The Cyber-Enabled Information Struggle: Russia’s approach and Western vulnerabilities, Veli-Pekka Kivimäki (FIIA, Finland)
Cyber operations related to recent elections are symptomatic of the ongoing ‘information struggle’ with the West that Russia sees itself […]
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